ENPP-1, as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase family member 1, is a membrane-bound glycoprotein, expressed on the outer surfaces of mineralizing cells, such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes. This protein regulates bone mineralization by hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotide triphosphates to produce pyrophosphate (PPi), which inhibits hydroxyapatite crystal deposition.
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