sPLA2-IIE Human,
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

Research topic

Secreted phospholipases A2

Introduction to the Molecule

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the sn-2 position of membrane glycerophospho­lipids to liberate arachidonic acid (AA), a precursor of eicosanoids including prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The same reaction also produces lysophosholipids, which represent another class of lipid mediators.

The secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) family, in which 10 isozymes have been identified, consists of low-molecular weight, Ca²⁺-requiring secretory enzymes that have been implicated in a number of biological processes, such as modification of eicosanoid generation, inflammation, and host defense.

This enzyme has been proposed to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC) in lipoproteins to liberate lyso-PC and free fatty acids in the arterial wall, thereby facilitating the accumulation of bioactive lipids and modified lipoproteins in atherosclerotic fo­ci.

In mice, sPLA2 expression significantly influences HDL particle size and composition and demonstrate that an induction of sPLA2 is required for the decrease in plasma HDL cholesterol in response to inflammatory stimuli. Instillation of bacteria into the bronchi was associated with surfactant degradation and a decrease in large:small ratio of surfactant aggregates in rats.

Note

This product is for research use only.

References to summary

• Attalah HL, Wu Y, Alaoui-El-Azher M, Thouron F, Koumanov K, Wolf C, Brochard L, Harf A, Delclaux C, Touqui L. Induction of type-IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in animal models of acute lung injury. Eur Respir J. 2003 Jun; 21(6): 1040-5.
• Balboa MA, Shirai Y, Gaietta G, Ellisman MH, Balsinde J, Dennis EA. Localization of group V phospholipase A2 in caveolin-enriched granules in activated P388D1 macrophage-like cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 28;278(48):48059-65.
• Beck GCh, Yard BA, Schulte J, Haak M, van Ackern K, van der Woude FJ, Kaszkin M. Secreted phospholipases A2 induce the expression of chemokines in microvascular endothelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jan 17; 300(3): 731-7.
• Hanasaki K, Arita H. Phospholipase A2 receptor: a regulator of biological functions of secretory phospholipase A2. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002 Aug; 68-69: 71-82. Review.
• Ishizaki J, Suzuki N, Higashino K, Yokota Y, Ono T, Kawamoto K, Fujii N, Arita H, Hanasaki K. Cloning and characterization of novel mouse and human secretory phospholipase A(2)s. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug; 274(35):24973-9.
• Ito M, Ishikawa Y, Kiguchi H, Komiyama K, Murakami M, Kudo I, Akasaka Y, Ishii T. Distribution of type V secretory phospholipase A2 expression in human hepatocytes damaged by liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Oct;19(10):1140-9.
• Juhl K, Efanov AM, Olsen HL, Gromada J. Secretory phospholipase A2 is released from pancreatic beta-cells and stimulates insulin secretion via inhibition of ATP-dependent K+ channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Oct 17; 310(2): 274-9.
• Koduri RS, Gronroos JO, Laine VJ, Le Calvez C, Lambeau G, Nevalainen TJ, Gelb MH. Bactericidal properties of human and murine groups I, II, V, X, and XII secreted phospholipases A(2). J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):5849-57.
• Kuwata H, Sawada H, Murakami M, Kudo I. Role of type IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in arachidonic acid metabolism. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999; 469: 183-8.
• Lindbom J, Ljungman AG, Lindahl M, Tagesson C. Increased gene expression of novel cytosolic and secretory phospholipase A(2) types in human airway epithelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2002 Sep; 22(9): 947-55. .
• Murakami M, Kudo I. New phospholipase A(2) isozymes with a potential role in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Oct; 14(5): 431-6.
• Murakami M, Masuda S, Shimbara S, Bezzine S, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Adachi M, Kudo I. Cellular arachidonate-releasing function of novel classes of secretory phospholipase A2s (groups III and XII). J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar; 278(12): 10657-67.
• Satake Y, Diaz BL, Balestrieri B, Lam BK, Kanaoka Y, Grusby MJ, Arm JP. Role of group V phospholipase A2 in zymosan-induced eicosanoid generation and vascular permeability revealed by targeted gene disruption. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 16;279(16):16488-94.
• Sawada H, Murakami M, Enomoto A, Shimbara S, Kudo I. Regulation of type V phospholipase A2 expression and function by proinflammatory stimuli. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Aug;263(3):826-35.
• Silliman CC, Moore EE, Zallen G, Gonzalez R, Johnson JL, Elzi DJ, Meng X, Hanasaki K, Ishizaki J, Arita H, Ao L, England KM, Banerjee A. Presence of the M-type sPLA(2) receptor on neutrophils and its role in elastase release and adhesion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Oct; 283(4): C1102-13.
• Touqui L, Alaoui-El-Azher M. Mammalian secreted phospholipases A2 and their pathophysiological significance in inflammatory diseases. Curr Mol Med. 2001 Dec; 1(6): 739-54. Review.
• Valentin E, Ghomashchi F, Gelb MH, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G. On the diversity of secreted phospholipases A(2). Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse group II enzymes. **Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse group II enzymes.J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct; 274(44): 31195-202. Erratum in: J Biol Chem 2000 Jan 275(3): 2246.
• Wooton-Kee CR, Boyanovsky BB, Nasser MS, de Villiers WJ, Webb NR. Group V sPLA2 hydrolysis of low-density lipoprotein results in spontaneous particle aggregation and promotes macrophage foam cell formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Apr;24(4):762-7.
• Yagami T, Ueda K, Asakura K, Hata S, Kuroda T, Sakaeda T, Takasu N, Tanaka K, Gemba T, Hori Y. Human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jan; 61(1): 114-26.
• Yagami T, Ueda K, Asakura K, Hayasaki-Kajiwara Y, Nakazato H, Sakaeda T, Hata S, Kuroda T, Takasu N, Hori Y. Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. J Neurochem. 2002 May; 81(3): 449-61.

Source of Antigen

E. coli

Host

Rabbit

Preparation

The antibody was raised in rabbits by immunization with the recombinant Human sPLA2-IIE.

Amino Acid Sequence

Species Reactivity

Human
Not yet tested in other species.

Purification Method

Immunoaffinity chromatography on a column with immobilized recombinant Human sPLA2-IIE.

Antibody Content

0.1 mg (determined by BCA method, BSA was used as a standard)

Formulation

The antibody is lyophilized in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.2. AZIDE FREE.

Reconstitution

Add 0.1 ml of deionized water and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Slight turbidity may occur after reconstitution, which does not affect activity of the antibody. In this case clarify the solution by centrifugation.

Storage/Stability

The lyophilized antibody remains stable and fully active until the expiry date when stored at –20°C. Aliquot the product after reconstitution to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles and store frozen at –80°C. Reconstituted antibody can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show decline in activity after one week at 4°C.

Quality Control Test

Indirect ELISA – to determine titer of the antibody
SDS PAGE – to determine purity of the antibody

Applications

Western blotting

References

• Attalah HL, Wu Y, Alaoui-El-Azher M, Thouron F, Koumanov K, Wolf C, Brochard L, Harf A, Delclaux C, Touqui L. Induction of type-IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in animal models of acute lung injury. Eur Respir J. 2003 Jun; 21(6): 1040-5.
• Balboa MA, Shirai Y, Gaietta G, Ellisman MH, Balsinde J, Dennis EA. Localization of group V phospholipase A2 in caveolin-enriched granules in activated P388D1 macrophage-like cells. J Biol Chem. 2003 Nov 28;278(48):48059-65.
• Beck GCh, Yard BA, Schulte J, Haak M, van Ackern K, van der Woude FJ, Kaszkin M. Secreted phospholipases A2 induce the expression of chemokines in microvascular endothelium. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Jan 17; 300(3): 731-7.
• Hanasaki K, Arita H. Phospholipase A2 receptor: a regulator of biological functions of secretory phospholipase A2. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. 2002 Aug; 68-69: 71-82. Review.
• Ishizaki J, Suzuki N, Higashino K, Yokota Y, Ono T, Kawamoto K, Fujii N, Arita H, Hanasaki K. Cloning and characterization of novel mouse and human secretory phospholipase A(2)s. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug; 274(35):24973-9.
• Ito M, Ishikawa Y, Kiguchi H, Komiyama K, Murakami M, Kudo I, Akasaka Y, Ishii T. Distribution of type V secretory phospholipase A2 expression in human hepatocytes damaged by liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Oct;19(10):1140-9.
• Juhl K, Efanov AM, Olsen HL, Gromada J. Secretory phospholipase A2 is released from pancreatic beta-cells and stimulates insulin secretion via inhibition of ATP-dependent K+ channels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003 Oct 17; 310(2): 274-9.
• Koduri RS, Gronroos JO, Laine VJ, Le Calvez C, Lambeau G, Nevalainen TJ, Gelb MH. Bactericidal properties of human and murine groups I, II, V, X, and XII secreted phospholipases A(2). J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):5849-57.
• Kuwata H, Sawada H, Murakami M, Kudo I. Role of type IIA secretory phospholipase A2 in arachidonic acid metabolism. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999; 469: 183-8.
• Lindbom J, Ljungman AG, Lindahl M, Tagesson C. Increased gene expression of novel cytosolic and secretory phospholipase A(2) types in human airway epithelial cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IFN-gamma. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2002 Sep; 22(9): 947-55. .
• Murakami M, Kudo I. New phospholipase A(2) isozymes with a potential role in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Oct; 14(5): 431-6.
• Murakami M, Masuda S, Shimbara S, Bezzine S, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Adachi M, Kudo I. Cellular arachidonate-releasing function of novel classes of secretory phospholipase A2s (groups III and XII). J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar; 278(12): 10657-67.
• Satake Y, Diaz BL, Balestrieri B, Lam BK, Kanaoka Y, Grusby MJ, Arm JP. Role of group V phospholipase A2 in zymosan-induced eicosanoid generation and vascular permeability revealed by targeted gene disruption. J Biol Chem. 2004 Apr 16;279(16):16488-94.
• Sawada H, Murakami M, Enomoto A, Shimbara S, Kudo I. Regulation of type V phospholipase A2 expression and function by proinflammatory stimuli. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Aug;263(3):826-35.
• Silliman CC, Moore EE, Zallen G, Gonzalez R, Johnson JL, Elzi DJ, Meng X, Hanasaki K, Ishizaki J, Arita H, Ao L, England KM, Banerjee A. Presence of the M-type sPLA(2) receptor on neutrophils and its role in elastase release and adhesion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002 Oct; 283(4): C1102-13.
• Touqui L, Alaoui-El-Azher M. Mammalian secreted phospholipases A2 and their pathophysiological significance in inflammatory diseases. Curr Mol Med. 2001 Dec; 1(6): 739-54. Review.
• Valentin E, Ghomashchi F, Gelb MH, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G. On the diversity of secreted phospholipases A(2). Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse group II enzymes. **Cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse group II enzymes.J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct; 274(44): 31195-202. Erratum in: J Biol Chem 2000 Jan 275(3): 2246.
• Wooton-Kee CR, Boyanovsky BB, Nasser MS, de Villiers WJ, Webb NR. Group V sPLA2 hydrolysis of low-density lipoprotein results in spontaneous particle aggregation and promotes macrophage foam cell formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004 Apr;24(4):762-7.
• Yagami T, Ueda K, Asakura K, Hata S, Kuroda T, Sakaeda T, Takasu N, Tanaka K, Gemba T, Hori Y. Human group IIA secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Jan; 61(1): 114-26.
• Yagami T, Ueda K, Asakura K, Hayasaki-Kajiwara Y, Nakazato H, Sakaeda T, Hata S, Kuroda T, Takasu N, Hori Y. Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis. J Neurochem. 2002 May; 81(3): 449-61.

By research topic:

• Secreted phospholipases A2

By molecule:

• Secreted Phospholipases A2