Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Human ELISA

Summary

The fibroblast growth factor family (FGFs) are a family of more than 20 small (17–26 kDa) secreted peptides. The initial characterisation of these proteins focused on their ability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation through FGF receptors (FGFRs). Members of FGFs family play important roles in defining and regulating the development and function of endocrine tissues as well as modulating various metabolic processes. A recently described member of FGFs family, FGF-21, also called Fibroblast growth factor 21 precursor and UNQ3115/PRO10196, has been characterised as a potent metabolic regulator. FGF-21 is preferentially expressed in liver and regulates glucose uptake in human fat cells. Moreover, therapeutic administration of FGF-21 decreased plasma glucose levels and triglycerides to near normal levels in multiple mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Short-term treatment of normal or db/db mice with FGF-21 lowered plasma levels of insulin and improved glucose clearance compared with vehicle after oral glucose tolerance testing. Constant infusion of FGF-21 for 8 weeks in db/db mice nearly normalized fed blood glucose levels and increased plasma insulin levels. When administrated daily for 6 weeks to diabetic rhesus monkeys, FGF-21 caused dramatic decline in fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, triglicerides, insulin, and glucagon. FGF-21 administration also led to significant improvements in lipoprotein profiles, including lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and raising of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol as well as beneficial changes in the circulating levels of several cardiovascular risk factors. FGF-21, when overexpressed, protected animals from diet-induced obesity. These results define a functional role for FGF-21 in vivo and provide evidence that FGF-21 can lower glucose and triglyceride levels in diabetic animals. In contrast to several members of the FGF family which may induce therapeutically undesirable in vivo proliferation of various cell types, a recent study demonstrated that FGF-21 did not induce mitogenicity, hypoglycemia or weight gain at any dose tested in diabetic or healthy animals or when overexpressed in transgenic mice. Thus, FGF-21 appears to have considerable potential for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Areas of investigation: Lipid metabolism, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Metabolic syndrome

Features

• It is intended for research use only
• The total assay time is less than 3.5 hours
• The kit measures FGF-21 in serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin)
• Assay format – 96 wells
• Quality controls are human serum based
• Standard is recombinant protein based
• Components of kit are provided ready to use, concentrated, lyophilized or in liquid form

Research topic

Energy metabolism and body weight regulation

Find out more on biovendor.com

• Fibroblast growth factor 21 in BioVendor News
• Fibroblast growth factor-21 mouse/rat elisa (fgf-21) in BioVendor News

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Plasma-Citrate, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Serum

Sample requirements

75 µl/well

Storage/Shipping

Store the complete kit at 2–8°C. Under this condition, the kit is stable until the expiration date (see the label on the box).

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

30 to 1920 pg/ml

Limit of detection

Limit of Detection (LOD) (defined as concentration of analyte giving absorbance higher than mean absorbance of blank plus three standard deviations of the absorbance of blank: Ablank + 3×SDblank) is calculated from the real FGF-21 values in wells and is 7 pg/ml.

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=6)

CV = 3.6 %

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=6)

CV = 3.8 %

Spiking Recovery

100.4 %

Dilution Linearity

104.1 %

Cross-Reactivity

Monkey, Rabbit

References to this product

• Christodoulides C, Dyson P, Sprecher D, Tsintzas K, Karpe F. Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 is induced by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists but not ketosis in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Sep;94 (9):3594-601
• Dostalova I, Haluzikova D, Haluzik M. Fibroblast growth factor 21: a novel metabolic regulator with potential therapeutic properties in obesity/type 2 diabetes mellitus. Physiol Res. 2009;58 (1):1-7
• Hojman P, Pedersen M, Nielsen AR, Krogh-Madsen R, Yfanti C, Akerstrom T, Nielsen S, Pedersen BK. Fibroblast growth factor-21 is induced in human skeletal muscles by hyperinsulinemia. Diabetes. 2009 Dec;58 (12):2797-801
• Fazeli PK, Misra M, Goldstein M, Miller KK, Klibanski A. Fibroblast growth factor-21 may mediate growth hormone resistance in anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jan;95 (1):369-74
• Dostalova I, Kavalkova P, Haluzikova D, Lacinova Z, Mraz M, Papezova H, Haluzik M. Plasma concentrations of fibroblast growth factors 19 and 21 in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jun 17;
• Mraz M, Bartlova M, Lacinova Z, Haluzikova D, Humenanska V, Haluzik M. Serum concentrations of novel metabolic regulator FGF–21 in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the influence of very low calorie diet and PPAR-α agonist treatment. Poster presented in ADA 2008;
• Zhang X, Yeung DC, Karpisek M, Stejskal D, Zhou ZG, Liu F, Wong RL, Chow WS, Tso AW, Lam KS, Xu A . Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans. Diabetes . Feb 5 (2008)
• Zhang X, Yeung DC, Karpisek M, Stejskal D, Zhou ZG, Liu F, Wong RL, Chow WS, Tso AW, Lam KS, Xu A. Serum FGF21 levels are increased in obesity and are independently associated with the metabolic syndrome in humans. Diabetes. 2008 May;57 (5):1246-53
• Li H, Bao Y, Xu A, Pan X, Lu J, Wu H, Lu H, Xiang K, Jia W. Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 is Associated with Adverse Lipid Profiles and {gamma}-glutamyltransferase but not Insulin Sensitivity in Chinese Subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar 24;
• Stein S, Stepan H, Kratzsch J, Verlohren M, Verlohren HJ, Drynda K, Lossner U, Bluher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M. Serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Metabolism. 2009 Aug 20;
• Stein S, Bachmann A, Lossner U, Kratzsch J, Bluher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M. Serum levels of the adipokine FGF21 depend on renal function. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32 (1):126-8

References to summary

• Chen WW, Li L, Yang GY, Li K, Qi XY, Zhu W, Tang Y, Liu H, Boden G.: Circulating FGF-21 Levels in Normal Subjects and in Newly Diagnose Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2008 Jan;116(1):65–8.
• Kharitonenkov A, Shanafelt AB.: Fibroblast growth factor-21 as a therapeutic agent for metabolic diseases.BioDrugs. 2008;22(1):37–44.
• Kharitonenkov A, Dunbar JD, Bina HA, Bright S, Moyers JS, Zhang C, Ding L, Micanovic R, Mehrbod SF, Knierman MD, Hale JE, Coskun T, Shanafelt AB.: FGF-21/FGF-21 receptor interaction and activation is determined by betaKlotho.J Cell Physiol. 2008 215(1):1–7.
• Suzuki M, Uehara Y, Motomura-Matsuzaka K, Oki J, Koyama Y, Kimura M, Asada M, Komi-Kuramochi A, Oka S, Imamura T.: {beta}Klotho is required for FGF21 signaling FGFR1c and FGFR3c.Mol Endocrinol. 2008
• Kharitonenkov A., Wroblewski V.J., Koester A., Chen Y-F., Clutinger C.K., Tigno X.T., Hansen B.C., Shanafelt A.B. and Etgen G.J.: The metabolic state of diabetic monkeys is regulated by fibroblast growth factor-21.Endocrinology 148(2):774–81(2007)
• Moore D.D.:Physiology. Sister act. Science 316(5830):1436–8 (2007)
• Ogawa Y., Kurosu H., Yamamoto M., Nandi A., Rosenblatt K.P., Goetz R., Eliseenkova A.V., Mohammadi M. and Kuro-o M.: BetaKlotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 104(18):7432–7 (2007)
• Wente W., Efanov A.M., Brenner M., Kharitonenkov A., Koster A., Sandusky G.E., Sewing S., Treinies I., Zitzer H. and Gromada J.: Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 Improves Pancreatic beta-cells Function and Survival by Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Akt Signaling Pathway.Diabetes, Vol 55:2470–2478(2006)
• Kharitonenkov A., Shiyanova L.T., Koester A., Ford A.M., Micanovic R., Galbreath E.J.,Sandusky G.E., Hammond L.J., Moyers J.S., Owens R.A., Gromada J., Brozinick J.T., Hawkins E.D., Wroblewski V.J., Li D-S, Mehrbod F., Jaskunas S.R. and Shanafelt A.B.: FGF-21 as a novel metabolic regulator.J Clin Invest.115:1627–1635 (2005)

By research topic:

• Energy metabolism and body weight regulation

By molecule:

• Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

Registration form