GDF-15/MIC-1 Human ELISA

Summary

GDF-15/MIC-1 is synthesized as a 62-kDa precursor protein, which, after cleavage by furin-like protease, is secreted as 25-kDa disulfide-linked dimmer. GDF-15/MIC-1 is weakly produced under baseline condition in most tissues such as brain, liver, kidney, pancreas, but not normally in many other organs including the heart, and is highly expressed in placenta and moderately in prostate. GDF-15 is upregulated by cardiovascular events triggering oxidative stress, including pressure overload, and atherosclerosis. Moreover, increased circulating GDF-15 concentrations have been linked to an enhanced risk of future adverse cardiovascular events in elderly woman and it was describe as a new biomarker of the risk of death in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Serum GDF-15 concentrations increase in maternal serum with advancing gestation in normal pregnancy. Low GDF-15 concentrations reportedly are associated with an increased risk of preterm labor or miscarriage.

Features

• It is intended for research use only.
• The total assay time is less than 3.5 hours.
• The kit measures Human GDF-15 in serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin).
• Assay format is 96 wells.
• Quality Controls are human serum based. No animal sera are used.
• Standard is recombinant protein based.
• Components of the kit are provided ready to use, concentrated or lyophilized.

Research topic

Cardiovascular disease, Oncology, Reproduction

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Plasma, Serum

Sample requirements

30 μl

Storage/Shipping

Store the complete kit at 2 – 8°C. Under these conditions, the kit is stable until the expiration date (see label on the box).

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

70 – 4480 pg/ml

Limit of detection

22 pg/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=8)

CV = 6.8%

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=8)

CV = 9.0%

Spiking Recovery

96.3%

Dilution Linearity

93.4%

Cross-Reactivity

Monkey

References to this product

• Stejskal D, Karpisek M, Humenanska V, Lacnak B, Svestak M. Macrophage-inhibitory cytokine-1 (mic-1) in differential diagnosis of dyspnea-A pilot study. Clin Biochem. 2009 Mar 31;

References to summary

• Kempf T, Horn-Wichmann R, Brabant G, Peter T, Allhoff T, Klein G, Drexler H, Johnston N, Wallentin L, Wollert KC. Circulating concentrations of growth-differentiation factor 15 in apparently healthy elderly individuals and patients with chronic heart failure as assessed by a new immunoradiometric sandwich assay. Clin Chem. 2007 Feb;53 (2):284-91
• Ago T, Sadoshima J. GDF15, a cardioprotective TGF-beta superfamily protein. Circ Res. 2006 Feb 17;98 (3):294-7
• Drexler H, Venge P, Siegbahn A, Peter T, Allhoff T, Olofsson S, Lindahl B, Lagerqvist B, Kempf T, Wollert KC, Wallentin L. Growth differentiation factor 15 for risk stratification and selection of an invasive treatment strategy in non ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Circulation. 2007 Oct 2;116 (14):1540-8
• Eggers KM, Kempf T, Allhoff T, Lindahl B, Wallentin L, Wollert KC. Growth-differentiation factor-15 for early risk stratification in patients with acute chest pain. Eur Heart J. 2008 Oct;29 (19):2327-35
• Wallentin L, Wollert KC, Tongers J, Peter T, Allhoff T, Lindahl B, Olofsson S, Bjorklund E, Kempf T. Growth-differentiation factor-15 improves risk stratification in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2007 Dec;28 (23):2858-65
• Tanno T, Bhanu NV, Oneal PA, Goh SH, Staker P, Lee YT, Moroney JW, Reed CH, Luban NL, Wang RH, Eling TE, Childs R, Ganz T, Leitman SF, Fucharoen S, Miller JL. High levels of GDF15 in thalassemia suppress expression of the iron regulatory protein hepcidin. Nat Med. 2007 Sep;13 (9):1096-101
• Keelan JA, Wang K, Chaiworapongsa T, Romero R, Mitchell MD, Sato TA, Brown DA, Fairlie WD, Breit SN. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 in fetal membranes and amniotic fluid from pregnancies with and without preterm labour and premature rupture of membranes. Mol Hum Reprod. 2003 Sep;9 (9):535-40
• Liu T, Bauskin AR, Zaunders J, Brown DA, Pankhurst S, Russell PJ, Breit SN. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 reduces cell adhesion and induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2003 Aug 15;63 (16):5034-40
• Brown DA, Ward RL, Buckhaults P, Liu T, Romans KE, Hawkins NJ, Bauskin AR, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Breit SN. MIC-1 serum level and genotype: associations with progress and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jul;9 (7):2642-50
• Bootcov MR, Bauskin AR, Valenzuela SM, Moore AG, Bansal M, He XY, Zhang HP, Donnellan M, Mahler S, Pryor K, Walsh BJ, Nicholson RC, Fairlie WD, Por SB, Robbins JM, Breit SN. MIC-1, a novel macrophage inhibitory cytokine, is a divergent member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Oct 14;94 (21):11514-9
• Huang CY, Beer TM, Higano CS, True LD, Vessella R, Lange PH, Garzotto M, Nelson PS. Molecular alterations in prostate carcinomas that associate with in vivo exposure to chemotherapy: identification of a cytoprotective mechanism involving growth differentiation factor 15. Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Oct 1;13 (19):5825-33
• Brown DA, Moore J, Johnen H, Smeets TJ, Bauskin AR, Kuffner T, Weedon H, Milliken ST, Tak PP, Smith MD, Breit SN. Serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 in rheumatoid arthritis: a potential marker of erosive joint destruction. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Mar;56 (3):753-64
• Selander KS, Brown DA, Sequeiros GB, Hunter M, Desmond R, Parpala T, Risteli J, Breit SN, Jukkola-Vuorinen A. Serum macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 concentrations correlate with the presence of prostate cancer bone metastases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Pr. 2007 Mar;16 (3):532-7
• Kempf T, Eden M, Strelau J, Naguib M, Willenbockel C, Tongers J, Heineke J, Kotlarz D, Xu J, Molkentin JD, Niessen HW, Drexler H, Wollert KC. The transforming growth factor-beta superfamily member growth-differentiation factor-15 protects the heart from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Circ Res. 2006 Feb 17;98 (3):351-60
• Moore AG, Brown DA, Fairlie WD, Bauskin AR, Brown PK, Munier ML, Russell PK, Salamonsen LA, Wallace EM, Breit SN. The transforming growth factor-ss superfamily cytokine macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 is present in high concentrations in the serum of pregnant women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85 (12):4781-8

By research topic:

• Cardiovascular disease
• Oncology
• Reproduction

By molecule:

• GDF-15/MIC-1