Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Human ELISA (GFAP)

Summary

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), as a member of the cytoskeletal protein family, is the principal 8–9 nm intermediate filament in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP is a monomeric molecule with a molecular mass between 40 and 53 kDa. GFAP is highly brain specific protein that is not found outside the CNS. GFAP is released after traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and outcome into the blood very soon after TBI. GFAP is not released after multiple trauma without brain injury. In the CNS following injury (result of trauma), disease, genetic disorders, chemical insult, astrocytes become rapidly synthesize GFAP (astrogliosis). In respect to the high brain specificity and early releasing from CNS after TBI, GFAP might be suitable marker for early diagnostics.

Features

• It is intended for research use only
• The total assay time is about 5 hours
• The kit measures GFAP in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma
• Assay format is 96 wells
• Quality Controls are human serum based
• Standard is purified native protein based
• Components of the kit are provided ready to use, concentrated or lyophilized

Research topic

Neural tissue damage markers

Find out more on biovendor.com

• Glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100B and NSE as an indicator of severity of brain injury in children in BioVendor News

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Cerebrospinal fluid, Plasma-Citrate, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Serum

Sample requirements

35 µl/well

Storage/Shipping

2–8°C

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

0.25 – 25 ng/ml

Limit of detection

0.045 ng/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=8)

CV = 5.1 %

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=7)

CV = 5.7 %

Spiking Recovery

102.9 %

Dilution Linearity

100.6 %

Cross-Reactivity

References to this product

• Brouns R, De Vil B, Cras P, De Surgeloose D, Marien P, De Deyn PP. Neurobiochemical Markers of Brain Damage in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. Clin Chem. 2009 Dec 3;
• Ehrlich S, Burghardt R, Weiss D, Salbach-Andrae H, Craciun EM, Goldhahn K, Klapp BF, Lehmkuhl U. Glial and neuronal damage markers in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Neural Transm. 2008 Jun;115 (6):921-7
• Hsu AA, Fenton K, Weinstein S, Carpenter J, Dalton H, Bell MJ. Neurological injury markers in children with septic shock. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 May;9 (3):245-51
• Jesse S, Steinacker P, Cepek L, von Arnim CA, Tumani H, Lehnert S, Kretzschmar HA, Baier M, Otto M. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and protein S-100B: different concentration pattern of glial proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2009 Jul;17 (3):541-51
• Jung CS, Foerch C, Schanzer A, Heck A, Plate KH, Seifert V, Steinmetz H, Raabe A, Sitzer M. Serum GFAP is a diagnostic marker for glioblastoma multiforme. Brain. 2007 Dec;130 (Pt 12):3336-41
• Kaneko T, Kasaoka S, Miyauchi T, Fujita M, Oda Y, Tsuruta R, Maekawa T. Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a predictive biomarker of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2009 Jul;80 (7):790-4
• Kwon BK, Stammers A, Belanger LM, Bernardo A, Chan D, Bishop CM, Slobogean GP, Umedaly H, Giffin M, Street J, Boyd MC, Paquette SJ, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF. Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokines and Biomarkers of Injury Severity in Acute Human Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma. 2009 Dec 28;
• Linker RA, Brechlin P, Jesse S, Steinacker P, Lee DH, Asif AR, Jahn O, Tumani H, Gold R, Otto M. Proteome profiling in murine models of multiple sclerosis: identification of stage specific markers and culprits for tissue damage. PLoS One. 2009;4 (10):e7624
• Lumpkins KM, Bochicchio GV, Keledjian K, Simard JM, McCunn M, Scalea T. Glial fibrillary acidic protein is highly correlated with brain injury. J Trauma. 2008 Oct;65 (4):778-82; discussion 782-4
• Misu T, Takano R, Fujihara K, Takahashi T, Sato S, Itoyama Y. Marked increase in cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillar acidic protein in neuromyelitis optica: an astrocytic damage marker. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 May;80 (5):575-7
• Pelinka LE. Serum Markers of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Are They Useful?. October 15-17 (2004)
• Steiner J, Bielau H, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Wunderlich MT. Increased cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of S100B in first-onset schizophrenia are not related to a degenerative release of glial fibrillar acidic protein, myelin basic protein and neurone-specific enolase from glia or neurones. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . Nov;77(11):1284-7 (2006)
• Ting KK, Brew BJ, Guillemin GJ. Effect of quinolinic acid on human astrocytes morphology and functions: implications in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2009;6:36
• Wunderlich MT, Wallesch CW, Goertler M. Release of glial fibrillary acidic protein is related to the neurovascular status in acute ischemic stroke. Eur J Neurol . Oct;13(10):1118-23 (2006)
• Zurek J, Fedora M. The usefulness of S100B, NSE, GFAP, NF-H, secretagogin and Hsp70 as a predictive biomarker of outcome in children with traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2011 Oct 7;

References to summary

• Pelinka L.E. et al: Glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum after traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma. Journal of Trauma. 57, 1006–1012, (2004)
• Pelinka L.E. et al: GFAP versus S100B in serum after traumatic brain injury: Relationship to brain damage and outcome. Journal of Neurotrauma. 21, 1553–1561, (2004)
• Missler U., Wiesmann M., Wittmann G., Magerkurth O., Hegenstrom H.: Measurement of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human blood: analytical method and premiliary clinical results. Clinical Chemistry. 45(1), 138–41, (1999)
• Beems T., Simons K.S., Geel W.J.A:, Reus H.P.M:, Vos P:E: and Verbeek M.M.: Serum- and CSF-concentrations of brain specific proteins in hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochirurgica. 145, 37–43, (2003)
• Runnerstam M., Essen C., Nyström B., Rosengren L., Hamberger A.: Extracellular glial fibrillary acidic protein and amino acids in brain regions of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage – correlation with level of consciousness and site of bleeding. Neurolofical Research. 19, 361–368, (1997)
• Whitelaw A., Rosengren L., Blennow M.: Brain specific proteins in postheamorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 84, F90-F91, (2001)
• Eng L.F., Ghirnikar R.S., Lee Y.L.: Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP – Thirty – One Years (1969–2000). Neurochemical Research. 25, 1439–1451, (2000)
• Finch C.E.: Neurons, Glia, and Plasticity in normal Brain Aging. Adv Gerontol 10, 35–39, (2002)

By research topic:

• Neural tissue damage markers

By molecule:

• Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

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