Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Human ELISA (GFAP)

Research topic

Neural tissue damage markers

Features

• The total assay time is less than five hours.
• The kit measures total serum, CSF or plasma GFAP.
• Quality Controls are human serum based. No animal sera are used.

Storage/Shipping

Store the kit at 2–8°C. Under these conditions, the kit is stable until the expiration date (see label on the box).

Summary

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), as a member of the cytoskeletal protein family, is the principal 8–9 nm intermediate filament in mature astrocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). GFAP is a monomeric molecule with a molecular mass between 40 and 53 kDa. GFAP is highly brain specific protein that is not found outside the CNS. GFAP is released after traumatic brain injury (TBI) severity and outcome into the blood very soon after TBI. GFAP is not released after multiple trauma without brain injury. In the CNS following injury (result of trauma), disease, genetic disorders, chemical insult, astrocytes become rapidly synthesize GFAP (astrogliosis). In respect to the high brain specificity and early releasing from CNS after TBI, GFAP might be suitable marker for early diagnostics.

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Sample requirements

35 µl/well

Applications

Cell culture medium, Cerebrospinal fluid, Plasma-Citrate, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Serum

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

0.25 – 25 ng/ml

Limit of detection

Analytical Limit of Detection is calculated from the real GFAP values in wells and is 0.033ng/ml

Limit of quantification

Assay Sensitivity takes the dilution of samples into consideration and is calculated according to the formula: Assay Sensitivity = Analytical Limit of Detection x sample dilution = 0.033ng/ml x 3 = 0.1ng/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=8)

CV = 5.1 %

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=7)

CV = 5.7 %

Spiking Recovery

102.9 %

Dilution Linearity

100.6 %

References to this product

• Steiner J, Bielau H, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Wunderlich MT . Increased cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of S100B in first-onset schizophrenia are not related to a degenerative release of glial fibrillar acidic protein, myelin basic protein and neurone-specific enolase from glia or neurones. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry . Nov;77(11):1284-7 (2006)
• Wunderlich MT, Wallesch CW, Goertler M . Release of glial fibrillary acidic protein is related to the neurovascular status in acute ischemic stroke. Eur J Neurol . Oct;13(10):1118-23 (2006)
• Jung CS, Foerch C, Schanzer A, Heck A, Plate KH, Seifert V, Steinmetz H, Raabe A, Sitzer M. Serum GFAP is a diagnostic marker for glioblastoma multiforme. Brain. 2007 Dec;130 (Pt 12):3336-41
• Pelinka LE . Serum Markers of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Are They Useful?. October 15-17 (2004)

References to summary

• Pelinka L.E. et al: Glial fibrillary acidic protein in serum after traumatic brain injury and multiple trauma. Journal of Trauma. 57, 1006–1012, (2004)
• Pelinka L.E. et al: GFAP versus S100B in serum after traumatic brain injury: Relationship to brain damage and outcome. Journal of Neurotrauma. 21, 1553–1561, (2004)
• Missler U., Wiesmann M., Wittmann G., Magerkurth O., Hegenstrom H.: Measurement of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human blood: analytical method and premiliary clinical results. Clinical Chemistry. 45(1), 138–41, (1999)
• Beems T., Simons K.S., Geel W.J.A:, Reus H.P.M:, Vos P:E: and Verbeek M.M.: Serum- and CSF-concentrations of brain specific proteins in hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochirurgica. 145, 37–43, (2003)
• Runnerstam M., Essen C., Nyström B., Rosengren L., Hamberger A.: Extracellular glial fibrillary acidic protein and amino acids in brain regions of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage – correlation with level of consciousness and site of bleeding. Neurolofical Research. 19, 361–368, (1997)
• Whitelaw A., Rosengren L., Blennow M.: Brain specific proteins in postheamorrhagic ventricular dilatation. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 84, F90-F91, (2001)
• Eng L.F., Ghirnikar R.S., Lee Y.L.: Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP – Thirty – One Years (1969–2000). Neurochemical Research. 25, 1439–1451, (2000)
• Finch C.E.: Neurons, Glia, and Plasticity in normal Brain Aging. Adv Gerontol 10, 35–39, (2002)