Midkine Human ELISA

Research topic

Oncology

Features

• The total assay time is less than five hours.
• The kit measures total serum or plasma midkine.
• Quality Controls are human serum based.
• Calibrator is recombinant protein based.
• Components of the kit are in the lyophilized, concentrated and ready-to-use states

Storage/Shipping

Store the kit at 2–8°C. Under these conditions, the kit is stable until the expiration date (see label on the box).

Summary

Midkine (MK, neurite growth promoting factor 2, NEGF-2), a product of a retinoic acid responsive gene, is a secreted 13 kDa protein belonging to the family of heparin binding growth/differen­tiation factors. MK shares 45% sequence identity with other member of this family called Pleiotrophin (HB-GAM). MK is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases e.g. inflammatory diseases, human carcinomas such as esophageal, pancreatic, lung, urinary, Wilm´s tumor etc. The increased expresion in many carcinomas indicates that MK can be applied to the diagnosis of malignancy. Midkine is expressed during the reparative stage of bone fractures, also supresses infection of certain viruses including HIV in target cells. Anti-apoptotic and cell protecting activity of midkine makes it to be a promissing in therapy.

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Sample requirements

20 µl/well

Applications

Cell culture medium, Plasma-Citrate, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Serum, Tissue extract

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

0.2 – 10 ng/ml

Limit of detection

Analytical Limit of Detection is calculated from the real Midkine values in wells and is 0.033ng/ml

Limit of quantification

Assay Sensitivity is 0.033ng/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=8)

CV = 4.5 %

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=5)

CV = 6.31 %

Spiking Recovery

98.3 %

Dilution Linearity

103.2 %

Cross-Reactivity

Human, Goat, Pig

References to this product

• Jia HL, Ye QH, Qin LX, Budhu A, Forgues M, Chen Y, Liu YK, Sun HC, Wang L, Lu HZ, Shen F, Tang ZY, Wang XW . Gene expression profiling reveals potential biomarkers of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res . Feb 15;13(4):1133-9 (2007)
• Zhang YW, Denham J, Thies RS . Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells express neurotrophic factors. Stem Cells Dev . Dec;15(6):943-52 (2006)
• Tong Y, Mentlein R, Buhl R,Heinz-Hermann H, Krause J, Mehdorn HM, Held-Feindt J . Overexpression of midkine contributes to anti-apoptotic effects in human meningiomas. Journal of Neurochemistry . Feb;100(4):1097-107 (2007)

References to summary

• Choudhuri R., Zhang, H. T., Donnini, S., Ziche, M. and Bicknell, R.: An angiogenic role for the neurokines midkine and pleiotrophin in tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 57, 1814–1819. (1997)
• Ye, C., Qi, M., Fan, Q.-W., Ito, K., Akiyama, S., Kasai, Y., Matsuyama, M., Muramatsu, T. and Kadomatsu, K.: Expression of midkine in the early stage of carcinogenesis in human colorectal cancer. Brit. J. Cancer 79, 179–184. (1999)
• Konishi, N., Nakamura, M., Nakaoka, S., Hiasa, Y., Cho, M., Uemura, H., Hirao, Y., Muramatsu, T. and Kadomatsu, K.: Immunohistoche­mical analysis of midkine expression in human prostate carcinoma. Oncology 57,253–257. (1999)
• Ohta, S., Muramatsu, H., Senda, T., Zou, K., Iwata, H. and Muramatsu, T.: Midkine is expressed during repair of bone fracture and promotes chondrogenesis. J. Bone Miner. Res. 14, 1132–1144. (1999)
• Ikematsu, S., Yano, A., Aridome, K., Kikuchi, M., Kumai, H., Nagano, H., Okamoto, K., Oda, M., Sakuma, S., Aikou, T., Muramatsu, H., Kadomatsu, K. and Muramatsu, T.: Serum midkine levels are increased in patients with various types of carcinomas. Brit. J. Cancer. 83, 701–706. (2000)
• Callebaut, C., Nisole, S., Briand, J. P., Krust, B. and Hovanessian, A. G.: Inhibition of HIV infection by the cytokine midkine. Virology 281, 248–264. (2001)
• Sato, W., Kadomatsu, K., Yuzawa, Y., Muramatsu, H., Hotta, N., Matsuo, S. and Muramatsu T.: Midkine is involved in neutrophil infiltration into the tubulointerstitium in ischemic renal injury. J. Immunol. 167, 3463–3469. (2001)
• Shimada, H., Nabeya, Y., Okazumi, S., Matsubara, H., Kadomatsu, K., Muramatsu, T., Ikematsu, S., Sakuma, S. and Ochiai, T.: Increased serum midkine concentration as a possible tumor marker in patients with superficial esophageal cancer. Oncol. Rep. 10, 411–414. (2003)
• Ikematsu, S., Nakagawara, A., Nakamura, Y., Sakuma, S., Wakai, K., Muramatsu, T. and Kadomatsu, K.: Correlation of elevated level of blood midkine with poor prognostic factors of human neuroblastomas. Br. J. Cancer 88, 1522–1526. (2003)
• Ikematsu, S., Okamoto, K., Yoshida, Y., Oda, M., Sugano-Nagano, H., Ashida, K., Kumai, H., Kadomatsu, K., Muramatsu, H., Muramatsu, T. and Sakuma, S.: High levels of urinary midkine in various cancer patients. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306, 329–332. (2003)
• Maruyama, K., Muramatsu, H., Ishiguro, N., and Muramatsu, T.: Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, is fundamentally involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1420–1429.
• Obata, Y., Kikuchi, S., Lin, Y., Yagyu, K., Muramatsu, T., Kumai, H.: Serum midkine concentrations and gastric cancer. Cancer Sci. 96, 54 – 56 (2005)