Trefoil Factor 1 Human ELISA

Summary

Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1, pS2) is a small secreted protein with molecular weight of 6.5 kDa (monomers, 14 kDa – dimers). It belongs to the TFF protein family that is characterized by a clover leaf–like disulphide structure named the TFF domain, which is created by 6 cysteines forming three intramolecular bonds. TFF1 contains one trefoil domain, but has a seventh cysteine in position 57 that is essential for formation of dimers. TFF1 exist as both monomers and dimers (homo- and heterodimers – with gastrokine 2). The most abundant expression of TFF1 is found in the GI tract (especially in stomach, colon and pancreas) where it is co-localised with mucins, usually with MUC5AC. It is probable that TFF1 is closely connected with healing and stabilisation of the mucin layer. TFF1 was found in significant amounts in ulcer associated cell lineage UACL, where EGF (epidermal growth factor) is also present. The hypothesis that TFF1 expression is influenced by EGF has been proposed, and this has been supported by a study on EGF KO mice which had lower levels of TFF1. A study examining people with Crohn´s disease and inflammatory bowel disease showed that TFF1 level in serum is increased during the inflammatory state. TFF1 is also highly expressed in the trachea and its level increases after administration of allergen, indicating thatTFF1 could be associated with asthma. Another study found that TFF1 levels are high in septic patients and that the level correlates with prognosis of the septic state. High levels of TFF1 in serum were also found in patients with prostate and other types of cancer (breast, colon and ovarian tumors) but its prognostic value has not yet been proved. The exact function of TFF1 is not yet fully understood.

Features

• For research use only!
• The total assay time is less than 3 hours
• The kit measures total Trefoil Factor 1 in serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
• Assay format is 96 wells
• Quality Controls are human serum based
• Standard is recombinant protein
• Components of the kit are provided ready to use or lyophilized

Research topic

Energy metabolism and body weight regulation, Immune Response, Infection and Inflammation, Oncology, Sepsis

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, HRP-labelled antibody

Applications

Bronchoalveolar lavage, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Serum

Sample requirements

40 µl/well

Storage/Shipping

2–8°C

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

0.125 – 4 ng/ml

Limit of detection

0.019 ngml

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=8)

CV = 7.76 %

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=6)

CV = 4.09 %

Spiking Recovery

103.2%

Dilution Linearity

100.0%

References to summary

• Braun A, Hinz M, Balder R, Chwieralski CE, Kouznetsova I, Krug N, Hoffmann W. Induced trefoil factor family 1 expression by trans-differentiating Clara cells in a murine asthma model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2007 Mar;36 (3):286-95
• Hoffmann W, Kalbacher H, Buhling F, Thim L, Graness A, Oertel M. Trefoil factor family-peptides promote migration of human bronchial epithelial cells: synergistic effect with epidermal growth factor. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001 Oct;25 (4):418-24
• Holmskov U, Thim L, Tornoe I, Nielsen O, Madsen J. Tissue localization of human trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3. J Histochem Cytochem. 2007 May;55 (5):505-13
• Kjellev S. The trefoil factor family - small peptides with multiple functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009 Apr;66 (8):1350-69
• Nexo E, Poulsen SS, Borre M, Vestergaard EM, Torring N. Plasma levels of trefoil factors are increased in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Feb 1;12 (3 Pt 1):807-12
• Nexo E, Thim L, Clausen JT, Ejskjaer K, Brynskov J, Vestergaard EM, Poulsen SS. Immunoassays of human trefoil factors 1 and 2: measured on serum from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2004 Apr;64 (2):146-56
• Poulsen SS, Milman N, Vestergaard EM, Samson MH, Nexo E. Circulating serum trefoil factors increase dramatically during pregnancy. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2008;68 (5):369-74

By research topic:

• Energy metabolism and body weight regulation
• Immune Response, Infection and Inflammation
• Oncology
• Sepsis

By molecule:

• Trefoil Factor 1

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