Trefoil Factor 3 Human ELISA

Summary

Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, also known as intestinal trefoil factor) belongs together with TFF1 and TFF2 to a small group of mucin-associated peptides. TFF3 contains seven cysteine residues, six of which form disulfide bonds to create a characteristic three-leafed structure. Due to its compact structure, TFF3 is extremely resistant toward acids, proteolytical cleavage or heat degradation. Monomeric form of TFF3 consists of 60 amino acids and has 6.7 kDa, while the dimer (13.1 kDa) consists of 118 amino acids. TFF3 is expressed mainly in gastrointestinal tract, in the mucous cells of the small and large intestine, where it maintains the integrity of mucous layer and in cooperation with mucins protects the gastrointestinal epithelial cells against various injurious agents. However, TFF3 was also detected in salivary glands, posterior pituitary gland and in the inner ear. Secretion of TFF3 is triggered by the presence of certain inflammation mediators and neurotransmitters. Studies showed that oral administration of TFF3 in rats protects gastric mucosa from damage. Over-expression of TFF3 occurs at the sites of damage of the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. peptic ulcer or inflammatory bowel disease. Patients suffering from these diseases have increased levels of TFF3 in serum. TFF3 was reported to be over-expressed also in patients with various neoplasms including intestinal, pancreatic and prostate carcinomas. On the contrary, its expression decreases in thyroid follicular carcinomas. In vitro studies showed that in breast cancer cells, expression of TFF3 is regulated by the level of estrogen. Recent study with human and rodent pancreatic islet β-cells has demonstrated that TFF3 overexpression increases their proliferation. Both major forms of diabetes involve a decline in islet β-cells mass and their controlled expansion would have great potential utility for treatment of this diseases. Another study with rats has shown that urinary TFF3 protein levels were markedly reduced in response to renal tubular injury, while his levels did not respond to nonrenal toxicants.

Features

• It is intended for research use only
• The total assay time is less than 3.5 hours
• The kit measures total TFF3 in serum, plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin), BALF, and urine samples.
• Special Dilution Buffer (Cat. No.: C005114) needed for the dilution of urine and BALF samples is not included and can be obtained from BioVendor. For details please contact us at info@biovendor.com
• Assay format is 96 wells
• Quality Controls are human serum based
• Standard is recombinant protein based
• Components of the kit are provided ready to use, concentrated or lyophilized

Research topic

Energy metabolism and body weight regulation, Oncology, Renal disease, Sepsis

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Bronchoalveolar lavage, Plasma, Serum, Urine

Sample requirements

25 ul/well

Storage/Shipping

2 – 8°C

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

0.075 – 2.4 ng/ml

Limit of detection

0.007 ng/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=8)

CV = 6.6 %

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=6)

CV = 7.0 %

Spiking Recovery

102.7%

Dilution Linearity

95.0%

Cross-Reactivity

References to summary

• Bignotti E, Ravaggi A, Tassi RA, Calza S, Rossi E, Falchetti M, Romani C, Bandiera E, Odicino FE, Pecorelli S, Santin AD. Trefoil factor 3: a novel serum marker identified by gene expression profiling in high-grade endometrial carcinomas. Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 2;99 (5):768-73
• Hohmeier HE, Newgard CB, Mirmira RG, Babu DA, Lu D, Schisler JC, Fueger PT. Trefoil factor 3 stimulates human and rodent pancreatic islet beta-cell replication with retention of function. Mol Endocrinol. 2008 May;22 (5):1251-9
• Holmskov U, Thim L, Tornoe I, Nielsen O, Madsen J. Tissue localization of human trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3. J Histochem Cytochem. 2007 May;55 (5):505-13
• Kawashima T, Okamoto K, Muraguchi T, Oku T, Shidoji Y. Downregulation of trefoil factor 3 gene expression in the colon of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)-P6 revealed by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Biomed Res. 2010 Jun;31 (3):169-75
• Lubka M, Baus-Loncar M, Blin N, Shah AA. The intestinal trefoil factor (Tff3), also expressed in the inner ear, interacts with peptides contributing to apoptosis. J Appl Genet. 2009;50 (2):167-71
• Nexo E, Vestergaard EM, Poulsen SS, Gronbaek H, Larsen R, Nielsen AM, Ejskjaer K, Clausen JT, Thim L. Development and evaluation of an ELISA for human trefoil factor 3. Clin Chem. 2002 Oct;48 (10):1689-95
• Sistare FD, Gerhold DL, Thudium D, Aslamkhan AG, Seng J, Bailey W, Troth SP, Muniappa N, Su M, Clouse H, Figueroa DJ, Shi S, Shughrue P, Ozer JS, Villarreal S, Yu Y, Holder D, Jin H. Urinary biomarkers trefoil factor 3 and albumin enable early detection of kidney tubular injury. Nat Biotechnol. 2010 May;28 (5):470-7
• Takano T, Yamada H. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3): a promising indicator for diagnosing thyroid follicular carcinoma. Endocr J. 2009;56 (1):9-16

By research topic:

• Energy metabolism and body weight regulation
• Oncology
• Renal disease
• Sepsis

By molecule:

• Trefoil Factor 3

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