VILIP-1 Human ELISA

Summary

Visinin like protein 1 (VILIP-1, VLP-1 or VSNL-1) is a cytoplasmic protein of low molecular weight (approximately 22 kDa) consisting of 191 amino acid residues. It belongs to the visinin/recoverin subfamily of neuronal calcium sensor proteins involved in calcium-dependent signal transduction mechanisms in neurons. It is found primarily in the brain, in nerve cells, but it also has a peripheral distribution in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, pancreas and colon. When localized at the membrane, it modulates various cellular signal transduction pathways, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-signaling in neural cells, human embryonic kidney cells, the pancreatic β cell line MIN6, and various skin tumor cell lines. It contains four internal repeats of 36–38 amino-acids, each containing a potential EF-hand domain. Two of the four EF-hand Ca2+-binding motifs of VILIP-1 are able to bind either Ca2+ or Mg2+in a non-cooperative manner. Binding of Ca2+ leads to specific conformational changes in the protein and this may regulate the interaction of VILIP with intracellular target molecules. VILIP-1 has been identified as a potential biomarker for brain injury and several neurodegenerative diseases. VILIP-1-expressing cells appear to be vulnerable to neurotoxic insults. As a result, the protein is released into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and can be used as a biomarker for stroke and Alzheimer’s di­sease. The intracellular protein was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a rat model of stroke and in plasma of patients after stroke. VILIP-1 was detected in 44% of subjects with stroke, in samples taken 24 hours after onset of stroke, and in 8% of controls with no stroke. In Alzheimer’s di­sease, CSF levels of VILIP-1 were significantly higher than in healthy individuals. Post mortem studies in the hippocampus of schizophrenia patients revealed increased expression of VILIP-1 in interneurons, while its expression in pyramidal neurons was downregulated. Expressions of VILIP-1 were also found in different types of cancer and in pancreatic α- and β-cells, being involved in the regulation of insulin secretion and insulin gene expression.

Features

• It is intended for research use only
• The total assay time is less than 3.5 hours
• The kit measures human VILIP-1 in serum, plasma, CSF and tissue extracts
• Assay format is 96 wells
• Quality Controls are human serum based. No animal sera are used
• Standard is recombinant protein based
• Components of the kit are provided ready to use, concentrated or lyophilized

Research topic

Neural tissue damage markers, Oncology

Find out more on biovendor.com

• Evaluation of Clinical Relevance of Serum VILIP-I Values in Patients with Cerebrovascular Accident Diagnosis by a new ELISA Method in BioVendor News

Assay format

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Cerebrospinal fluid, Plasma, Serum, Tissue extract

Sample requirements

100 ul/well

Storage/Shipping

2 – 8°C

Calibration Curve

Calibration range

0.1 – 5 ng/ml

Limit of detection

0.027 ng/ml

Intra-assay (Within-Run, n=8)

CV = 5.33%

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run, n=5)

CV = 3.22%

Spiking Recovery

104.2%

Dilution Linearity

94.3%

References to summary

• Anand R, Gundelfinger ED, Braunewell KH, Treuil M, Jeanclos EM, Lin L. The calcium sensor protein visinin-like protein-1 modulates the surface expression and agonist sensitivity of the alpha 4beta 2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 1;277 (44):41872-8
• Brackmann M, Braunewell KH, Anand R, Schuchmann S. Neuronal Ca2+ sensor protein VILIP-1 affects cGMP signalling of guanylyl cyclase B by regulating clathrin-dependent receptor recycling in hippocampal neurons. J Cell Sci. 2005 Jun 1;118 (Pt 11):2495-505
• Braunewell KH. VILIP-1. UCSD-Nature Molecule Pages. 2009;
• Braunewell KH, Schnurra I, Bernstein HG, Riederer P. The neuronal calcium sensor protein VILIP-1 is associated with amyloid plaques and extracellular tangles in Alzheimer's disease and promotes cell death and tau phosphorylation in vitro: a link between calcium sensors and Alzheimer's disease?. Neurobiol Dis. 2001 Oct;8 (5):900-9
• Burgoyne RD. The neuronal calcium- sensor proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 2004;
• Chen KC, Wang LK, Chang LS. Regulatory elements and functional implication for the formation of dimeric visinin-like protein-1. J Pept Sci. 2009 Feb;15 (2):89-94
• Heinemann U, Braunewell KH, Gierke P, Zhao C, Bernstein HG, Noack C, Anand R. Implication of neuronal Ca2+ -sensor protein VILIP-1 in the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. Neurobiol Dis. 2008 Oct;32 (1):162-75
• Klein-Szanto AJ, Braunewell KH. Visinin-like proteins (VSNLs): interaction partners and emerging functions in signal transduction of a subfamily of neuronal Ca2+ -sensor proteins. Cell Tissue Res. 2009 Feb;335 (2):301-16
• Klein-Szanto AJ, Ibanez de Caceres I, Cairns P, Zhang J, Jin F, Bassi DE, Apostolou S, Ross E, Bellacosa A, Fong K, Braunewell KH, Fu J. VILIP-1 downregulation in non-small cell lung carcinomas: mechanisms and prediction of survival. PLoS One. 2008;3 (2):e1698
• Ladenson JH, Lee JM, Landt Y, Olander JV, Crimmins DL, Modur VR, Laterza OF. Identification of novel brain biomarkers. Clin Chem. 2006 Sep;52 (9):1713-21
• Ladenson JH, Ohlendorf M, Gao F, Olander J, Modur V, Laterza O, Andreasen N, Blennow K, Lee JM. The brain injury biomarker VLP-1 is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer disease patients. Clin Chem. 2008 Oct;54 (10):1617-23
• Olde Rikkert MG, Verbeek MM. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in the evaluation of Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem. 2008 Oct;54 (10):1589-91
• Wheeler MB, Chan CB, Braunewell KH, Gaisano HY, Kang Y, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Dai FF. The neuronal Ca2+ sensor protein visinin-like protein-1 is expressed in pancreatic islets and regulates insulin secretion. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 4;281 (31):21942-53

By research topic:

• Neural tissue damage markers
• Oncology

By molecule:

• Visinin-Like Protein 1

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