Adiponectin Mouse HEK293

Introduction to the Molecule

Adiponectin, also referred to as Acrp30, AdipoQ and GBP-28, is a recently discovered 244 aminoacid protein, the product of the apM1 gene, which is physiologically active and specifically and highly expressed in adipose cells. The protein belongs to the soluble defence collagen superfamily; it has a collagen-like domain structurally homologous with collagen VIII and X and complement factor C1q-like globular domain. Adiponectin forms homotrimers, which are the building blocks for higher order complexes found circulating in serum. Together, these complexes make up approximately 0.01% of total serum protein. Adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 have been recently cloned; AdipoR1 is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle, whereas AdipoR2 is predominantly expressed in the liver. Paradoxically, adipose tissue-expressed adiponectin levels are inversely related to the degree of adiposity. Adiponectin concentrations correlate negatively with glucose, insulin, triglyceride concentrations, liver fat content and body mass index and positively with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, hepatic insulin sensitivity and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Adiponectin has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and decrease plasma glucose by increasing tissue fat oxidation. Of particular interest is that low adiponectin serum levels predict type 2 diabetes independent of other risk factors. Adiponectin also inhibits the inflammatory processes of atherosclerosis suppressing the expression of adhesion and cytokine molecules in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, respectively. This adipokine plays a role as a scaffold of newly formed collagen in myocardial remodelling after ischaemic injury and also stimulates angiogenesis by promoting cross-talk between AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in endothelial cells. Low serum adiponectin levels are found in patients with coronary artery disease. Moreover, high circulating levels of adiponectin are associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction, independent of other factors. Altogether, adiponectin has the potential to become a clinically relevant parameter to be measured routinely in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome.

Research topic

Animal studies, Energy metabolism and body weight regulation

Amino Acid Sequence

Source

HEK293

Purity

Purity as determined by densitometric image analysis: >98%

SDS-PAGE gel

12% SDS-PAGE separation of Mouse A diponectin 1. M.W. marker – 14, 21, 31, 45, 66, 97 kDa 2. reduced and boiled sample, 5μg/lane 3. non-reduced and non-boiled sample, 5μg/lane

Biological Activity

Full-length adiponectin has been shown to activate AMP-activated protein kinase in hepatocyte. It can also activate AMPK in HepG2 human hepatocytes at the concentration of as low as 1.0 µg/ml. In vitro gluconeogenesis assay in primary rat hepatocytes was performed, showing the murine adiponectin derived from mammalian cells can inhibit glucose production.

Endotoxin

< 1.0 EU/ug

Formulation

Filtered (0,4 μm) and lyophilized in 0.5 mg/mL in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, 0.075 M NaCl, pH 7.4

Reconstitution

Add deionized water to prepare a working stock solution of approximately 0.5 mg/mL and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Product is not sterile! Please filter the product by an appropriate sterile filter before using it in the cell culture.

Storage, Stability/Shelf Life

Store lyophilized protein at –20°C. Lyophilized protein remains stable until the expiry date when stored at –20°C. Aliquot reconstituted protein to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles and store at –80°C for long term storage. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show any change after two weeks at 4°C.

Find out more on biovendor.com

• Adiponectin Isomers in BioVendor News
• Adiponectin isoforms in BioVendor Reviews

Quality Control Test

BCA to determine quantity of the protein.

SDS PAGE to determine purity of the protein.

GFC to determine purity of the protein.

LAL to determine quantity of endotoxin.

Applications

Cell culture and/or animal studies, ELISA, Western blotting

Note

This product is intended for research use only. The Certificate of Analysis is available on www.biovendor.com

References to this Product

• Berner HS, Lyngstadaas SP, Spahr A, Monjo M, Thommesen L, Drevon CA, Syversen U, Reseland JE. Adiponectin and its receptors are expressed in bone-forming cells. Bone . Oct;35(4):842-9 (2004)
• Gualillo O, Lago F, Gomez-Reino J, Dieguez C, Lear P, Scotece M, Bianco G, Gomez R, Conde J. Expanding the adipokine network in cartilage: identification and regulation of novel factors in human and murine chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Mar;70 (3):551-9
• Hug C, Xu A, Flynt L, Terry RD, Shore SA. Adiponectin attenuates allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Aug;118 (2):389-95
• Lam KS, Chan KW, Wong L, Yin S, Xu A. Adiponectin ameliorates dyslipidemia induced by the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor ritonavir in mice. Endocrinology. 2004 Feb;145 (2):487-94
• Verma S, Sweeney G, Freedman J, Chan L, Zhang H, Peterson MD, Gupta M, Wang CH, Al-Omran M, Szmitko PE, Haitsma JJ, Vu V, Lovren F, Wang G, Bang KW, Quan A, Teoh H. Adiponectin deficiency promotes endothelial activation and profoundly exacerbates sepsis-related mortality. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Sep;295 (3):E658-64
• Wang Y, Lam KS, Xu JY, Lu G, Xu LY, Cooper GJ, Xu A. Adiponectin inhibits cell proliferation by interacting with several growth factors in an oligomerization-dependent manner. J Biol Chem . May 6;280(18):18341-7 (2005)
• Xu A, Cooper GJ, Wu D, Hoo RL, Lam MC, Liu J, Lam KS, Lam JB, Wang Y. Adiponectin modulates the glycogen synthase kinase-3beta/beta-catenin signaling pathway and attenuates mammary tumorigenesis of MDA-MB-231 cells in nude mice. Cancer Res. 2006 Dec 1;66 (23):11462-70

References

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• Andersen KK, Frystyk J, Wolthers OD, Heuck C, Flyvbjerg A. Gender differences of oligomers and total adiponectin during puberty: a cross-sectional study of 859 Danish school children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 May;92 (5):1857-62
• Araki S, Dobashi K, Kubo K, Asayama K, Shirahata A. High molecular weight, rather than total, adiponectin levels better reflect metabolic abnormalities associated with childhood obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Dec;91 (12):5113-6
• Basu R, Pajvani UB, Rizza RA, Scherer PE. Selective downregulation of the high molecular weight form of adiponectin in hyperinsulinemia and in type 2 diabetes: differential regulation from nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes. 2007 Aug;56 (8):2174-7
• Berg AH, Combs TP, Du X, Brownlee M, Scherer PE. The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med. 2001; 7:947-953.
• Berg AH, Combs TP, Scherer PE. ACRP30/adiponectin: an adipokine regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2002;13:84-89.
• Bernstein LE, Canavan B, Torriani M, Jackson MB, Lo J, Ahima RS, Grinspoon SK. Effects of TNF-alpha neutralization on adipocytokines and skeletal muscle adiposity in the metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Jul;293 (1):E102-9
• Beulens JW, van Loon LJ, Kok FJ, Pelsers M, Bobbert T, Spranger J, Helander A, Hendriks HF. The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on adiponectin oligomers and muscle oxidative capacity: a human intervention study. Diabetologia. 2007 Jul;50 (7):1388-92
• Bodles AM, Banga A, Rasouli N, Ono F, Kern PA, Owens RJ. Pioglitazone increases secretion of high-molecular-weight adiponectin from adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;291 (5):E1100-5
• Brennan AM, Bluher M, Mantzoros CS, Williams CJ, Kralisch S, Fasshauer M, Kratzsch J, Kelesidis T. Total and high-molecular weight adiponectin in relation to metabolic variables at baseline and in response to an exercise treatment program: comparative evaluation of three assays. Diabetes Care. 2007 Feb;30 (2):280-5
• Brenner DA, Adachi M. High molecular weight adiponectin inhibits proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Hepatology. 2008 Feb;47 (2):677-85
• Buchanan TA, Scherer PE, Pajvani UB, Hawkins M, Rajala MW, Combs TP, Doebber T, Berger JP, Wagner JA, Wu M, Knopps A, Xiang AH, Utzschneider KM, Kahn SE, Olefsky JM. Complex distribution, not absolute amount of adiponectin, correlates with thiazolidinedione-mediated improvement in insulin sensitivity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 26;279 (13):12152-62
• Chen H, Montagnani M, Funahashi T, Shimomura I, Quon MJ. Adiponectin stimulates production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:45021-45026.
• Chen TH, Chen L, Hsieh MS, Chang CP, Chou DT, Tsai SH. Evidence for a protective role for adiponectin in osteoarthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Aug;1762 (8):711-8
• Cordera R, Salani B, Briatore L, Adami GF, Andraghetti G, Maggi D. High-molecular weight adiponectin isoforms increase after biliopancreatic diversion in obese subjects. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 Sep;14 (9):1511-4
• Dugi KA, Bierhaus A, Nawroth PP, Allolio B, Hamann A, Lepper PM, Bluemm A, Humpert PM, von Eynatten M. High-molecular weight adiponectin is independently associated with the extent of coronary artery disease in men. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Jul;199 (1):123-8
• Ebinuma H, Miyazaki O, Yago H, Hara K, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T. A novel ELISA system for selective measurement of human adiponectin multimers by using proteases. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Oct;372 (1-2):47-53
• Fukui H, Uemura M, Akahane T, Tsujimoto T, Yamazaki M, Namisaki T, Yanase K, Yoshii J, Kaji K, Kitade M, Ikenaka Y, Noguchi R, Yoshiji H, Asada K. Crosstalk between high-molecular-weight adiponectin and T-cadherin during liver fibrosis development in rats. Int J Mol Med. 2007 Nov;20 (5):725-9
• Glintborg D, Frystyk J, Hojlund K, Andersen KK, Henriksen JE, Hermann AP, Hagen C, Flyvbjerg A, Andersen M. Total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels and measures of glucose and lipid metabolism following pioglitazone treatment in a randomized placebo-controlled study in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2008 Feb;68 (2):165-74
• Grambow SC, Freemark MS, Haqq AM, Muehlbauer M, Newgard CB, Svetkey LP, Purnell JQ. Altered distribution of adiponectin isoforms in children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS): association with insulin sensitivity and circulating satiety peptide hormones. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Dec;67 (6):944-51
• Hanley A, Sweeney G, Tungtrongchitr R, Shaw C, Liu Y, Retnakaran R. Total and high molecular weight but not trimeric or hexameric forms of adiponectin correlate with markers of the metabolic syndrome and liver injury in Thai subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;92 (11):4313-8
• Hara K, Horikoshi M, Yamauchi T, Yago H, Miyazaki O, Ebinuma H, Imai Y, Nagai R, Kadowaki T. Measurement of the high-molecular weight form of adiponectin in plasma is useful for the prediction of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2006 Jun;29 (6):1357-62
• Horie M, Yamamoto T, Fujii M, Ishikawa C, Sakai H, Tanaka T, Tsutamoto T. Total and high molecular weight adiponectin, haemodynamics, and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2007 Jul;28 (14):1723-30
• Hug C, Wang J, Ahmad NS, Bogan JS, Tsao TS, Lodish HF. T-cadherin is a receptor for hexameric and high-molecular-weight forms of Acrp30/adiponectin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 13;101 (28):10308-13
• Hui CK, Zhang HY, Lee NP, Chan W, Yueng YH, Leung KW, Lu L, Leung N, Lo CM, Fan ST, Luk JM, Xu A, Lam KS, Kwong YL, Lau GK. Serum adiponectin is increased in advancing liver fibrosis and declines with reduction in fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol. 2007 Aug;47 (2):191-202
• Iwashima Y, Horio T, Kumada M, Suzuki Y, Kihara S, Rakugi H, Kawano Y, Funahashi T, Ogihara T. Adiponectin and renal function, and implication as a risk of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Dec 15;98 (12):1603-8
• Kasai K, Matsuoka H, Suzuki K, Nishikimi T, Akimoto K, Hattori S, Hattori Y. Globular adiponectin activates nuclear factor-kappaB and activating protein-1 and enhances angiotensin II-induced proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. Diabetes. 2007 Mar;56 (3):804-8
• Klein RL, Garvey WT, Lara-Castro C, Wallace P, Luo N. Adiponectin multimeric complexes and the metabolic syndrome trait cluster. Diabetes. 2006 Jan;55 (1):249-59
• Kobayashi H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Walsh K, Kumada M, Abe Y, et al. Selective suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin. Circulation research. 2004 Mar 5;94(4):e27-31.
• Kobayashi H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Walsh K, Kumada M, Abe Y, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y. Selective suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin. Circ Res. 2004 Mar 5;94 (4):e27-31
• Kobayashi H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Walsh K, Kumada M, Abe Y, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Ferre P. Selective Suppression of Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by the High Molecular Weight.
• Komura N, Kihara S, Sonoda M, Kumada M, Fujita K, Hiuge A, Okada T, Nakagawa Y, Tamba S, Kuroda Y, Hayashi N, Sumitsuji S, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto S, Ouchi N, Arita Y, Okamoto Y, Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y. Clinical significance of high-molecular weight form of adiponectin in male patients with coronary artery disease. Circ J. 2008 Jan;72 (1):23-8
• Kriketos AD, Peake PW, Charlesworth JA, Campbell LV, Shen Y. The metabolism of isoforms of human adiponectin: studies in human subjects and in experimental animals. Eur J Endocrinol. 2005 Sep;153 (3):409-17
• Kumar S, Scherer PE, McTernan PG, Barnett AH, Hanif W, Trujillo ME, Fisher FF. Serum high molecular weight complex of adiponectin correlates better with glucose tolerance than total serum adiponectin in Indo-Asian males. Diabetologia. 2005 Jun;48 (6):1084-7
• Lodish HF, Hug C. The role of the adipocyte hormone adiponectin in cardiovascular disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2005 Apr;5 (2):129-34
• Loewenthal R, Yissachar E, Hemi R, Modan-Moses D, Pariente C, Kanety H, Stein D, Yaroslavsky A, Faigin M, Ram A. Modulation of adiponectin and leptin during refeeding of female anorexia nervosa patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 May;92 (5):1843-7
• Macdonald GA, Prins JB, Hickman IJ, Wang AY, Jones AL, Newell F, Richards AA, Mowry BJ, Whitehead JP. Olanzapine treatment is associated with reduced high molecular weight adiponectin in serum: a potential mechanism for olanzapine-induced insulin resistance in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 Jun;26 (3):232-7
• Matsuda M, Shimomura I, et al. Role of adiponectin in preventing vascular stenosis. The missing link of adipo-vascular axis. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:37487-37491.
• Mistry JS, Sinha MK, Songer T, Xiao Q, Sloan JH, Wang J, Ji S, Alborn WE, Davis RA, Swarbrick MM, Stanhope KL, Wolfe BM, Havel PJ, Schraw T, Konrad RJ, Scherer PE. Analytical validation and biological evaluation of a high molecular-weight adiponectin ELISA. Clin Chem. 2007 Dec;53 (12):2144-51
• Nakano Y, Tajima S, Yoshimi A, Akiyama H, Tsushima M, Tanioka T, Negoro T, Tomita M, Tobe T. A novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for high-molecular-weight adiponectin. J Lipid Res. 2006 Jul;47 (7):1572-82
• Nakatani H, Hirose H, Yamamoto Y, Saito I, Itoh H. Significance of leptin and high-molecular weight adiponectin in the general population of Japanese male adolescents. Metabolism. 2008 Feb;57 (2):157-62
• O'Hare JP, Ahima R, Schraw T, Kos K, McTernan PG, Kusminski CM, Scherer PE, Kumar S. Adiponectin complexes in human cerebrospinal fluid: distinct complex distribution from serum. Diabetologia. 2007 Mar;50 (3):634-42
• Odden N, Morkrid L. High molecular weight adiponectin dominates in cord blood of newborns but is unaffected by pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Dec;67 (6):891-6
• Okamoto Y, Kihara S, et al. Adiponectin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 2002;106:2767-2770.
• Oki K, Koide J, Nakanishi S, Nakashima R, Yamane K. Fenofibrate increases high molecular weight adiponectin in subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. Endocr J. 2007 Jun;54 (3):431-5
• Ong GK, Hamilton JK, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Maguire G, Zinman B, Hanley AJ, Retnakaran R. Maternal serum adiponectin and infant birthweight: the role of adiponectin isoform distribution. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Jul;67 (1):108-14
• Pajvani UB, Du X, Combs TP, Berg AH, Rajala MW, Schulthess T, Engel J, Brownlee M, Scherer PE. Structure-function studies of the adipocyte-secreted hormone Acrp30/adiponectin. Implications fpr metabolic regulation and bioactivity. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278:9073-85.
• Pajvani UB, Du X, Combs TP, Berg AH, Rajala MW, Schulthess T, Engel J, Brownlee M, Scherer PE. Structure-function studies of the adipocyte-secreted hormone Acrp30/adiponectin. Implications fpr metabolic regulation and bioactivity. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278:9073-85.
• Peake PW, Hughes JT, Shen Y, Charlesworth JA. Glycosylation of human adiponectin affects its conformation and stability. J Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Jul;39 (1):45-52
• Peake PW, Shen YY, Charlesworth JA, Kelly JJ, Loi KW. Up-regulation of adiponectin, its isoforms and receptors in end-stage kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007 Jan;22 (1):171-8
• Scherer PE, Hawkins M, Halberg N, Wang ZV, Schraw T. Plasma adiponectin complexes have distinct biochemical characteristics. Endocrinology. 2008 May;149 (5):2270-82
• Schober F, Neumeier M, Weigert J, Wurm S, Wanninger J, Schaffler A, Dada A, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Aslanidis C, Buechler C. Low molecular weight adiponectin negatively correlates with the waist circumference and monocytic IL-6 release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Oct 5;361 (4):968-73
• Schraw T, Wang ZV, Halberg N, Hawkins M, Scherer PE. Plasma adiponectin complexes have distinct biochemical characteristics. Endocrinology. 2008 May;149 (5):2270-82
• Seino Y, Hirose H, Saito I, Itoh H. High molecular weight multimer form of adiponectin as a useful marker to evaluate insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in Japanese men. Metabolism. 2007 Nov;56 (11):1493-9
• Semple RK, Halberg NH, Burling K, Soos MA, Schraw T, Luan J, Cochran EK, Dunger DB, Wareham NJ, Scherer PE, Gorden P, O'Rahilly S. Paradoxical elevation of high-molecular weight adiponectin in acquired extreme insulin resistance due to insulin receptor antibodies. Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56 (6):1712-7
• Shulman GI, Rothman DL, Petersen KF, Dufour S, Savage DB, Bilz S, Solomon G, Yonemitsu S, Cline GW, Befroy D, Zemany L, Kahn BB, Papademetris X. The role of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Jul 31;104 (31):12587-94
• Takahashi E, Tajima N, Nishimura R, Morimoto A, Matsudaira T, Miyashita Y, Sano H, Shirasawa T. Ratio of high-, medium-, and low-molecular weight serum adiponectin to the total adiponectin value in children. J Pediatr. 2007 Nov;151 (5):545-7, 547.e1-2
• Takemura Y, Osuga Y, Koga K, Tajima T, Hirota Y, Hirata T, Morimoto C, Harada M, Yano T, Taketani Y. Selective increase in high molecular weight adiponectin concentration in serum of women with preeclampsia. J Reprod Immunol. 2007 Feb;73 (1):60-5
• Tonelli J, Li W, Kishore P, Pajvani UB, Kwon E, Weaver C, Scherer PE, Hawkins M. Mechanisms of early insulin-sensitizing effects of thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004 Jun;53 (6):1621-9
• Torigoe M, Matsui H, Ogawa Y, Murakami H, Murakami R, Cheng XW, Numaguchi Y, Murohara T, Okumura K. Impact of the high-molecular-weight form of adiponectin on endothelial function in healthy young men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Aug;67 (2):276-81
• Tsao TS, Wert D, Wilson-Kubalek EM, Suzuki S, Lee DH. The oligomeric structure of high molecular weight adiponectin. FEBS Lett. 2007 Mar 6;581 (5):809-14
• Waki H, Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Ito Y, Uchida S, Kita S, Hara K, Hada Y, Vasseur F, Froguel P, Kimura S, Nagai R, Kadowaki T. Impaired multimerization of human adiponectin mutants associated with diabetes. Molecular structure and multimer formation of adiponectin. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 10;278 (41):40352-63
• Waki H, Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Kita S, Ito Y, Hada Y, Uchida S, Tsuchida A, Takekawa S, Kadowaki T. Generation of globular fragment of adiponectin by leukocyte elastase secreted by monocytic cell line THP-1. Endocrinology. 2005 Feb;146(2):790-6. Epub 2004 Nov 4.
• Wang Y, Lam KS, Chan L, Chan KW, Lam JB, Lam MC, Hoo RC, Mak WW, Cooper GJ, Xu A. Post-translational modifications of the four conserved lysine residues within the collagenous domain of adiponectin are required for the formation of its high molecular weight oligomeric complex. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 16;281 (24):16391-400
• Wang Y, Lam KS, Xu JY, Lu G, Xu LY, Cooper GJ, Xu A. Adiponectin inhibits cell proliferation by interacting with several growth factors in an oligomerization-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 6;280 (18):18341-7
• Wang Y, Xu A, Knight C, Xu LY, Cooper GJ. Hydroxylation and glycosylation of the four conserved lysine residues in the collagenous domain of adiponectin. Potential role in the modulation of its insulin-sensitizing activity. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277:19521-19529.
• Wang Y, Xu A, Knight C, Xu LY, Cooper GJ. Hydroxylation and glycosylation of the four conserved lysine residues in the collagenous domain of adiponectin. Potential role in the modulation of its insulin-sensitizing activity. J Biol Chem. 2002; 277:19521-19529.
• Weiss TS, Schlitt HJ, Buechler C, Weigert J, Sigruener A, Eggenhofer E, Scholmerich J, Neumeier M, Schmitz G, Langmann T, Piso P, Schaeffler A, Aslanidis C. High molecular weight adiponectin reduces apolipoprotein B and E release in human hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007 Jan 12;352 (2):543-8
• Westphal S, Luley C. Preferential increase in high-molecular weight adiponectin after niacin. Atherosclerosis. 2008 May;198 (1):179-83
• Whitehead JP, Richards AA, Prins JB, Stephens T, Charlton HK, Jones A, Macdonald GA. Adiponectin multimerization is dependent on conserved lysines in the collagenous domain: evidence for regulation of multimerization by alterations in posttranslational modifications. Mol Endocrinol. 2006 Jul;20 (7):1673-87
• Xu A, Chan KW, Hoo RL, Wang Y, Tan KC, Zhang J, Chen B, Lam MC, Tse C, Cooper GJ, Lam KS. Testosterone selectively reduces the high molecular weight form of adiponectin by inhibiting its secretion from adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 2005 May 6;280 (18):18073-80
• Xu A, Wang Y, Keshaw H, Xu LY, Lam KS, Cooper GJ. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin alleviates alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases in mice. J Clin Invest. 2003; 112:91-100.
• Yamauchi T, Kamon J, et al. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001;7:941-946.
• Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Minokoshi Y, Ito Y, Waki H, Uchida S, Yamashita S, Noda M, Kita S, Ueki K, Eto K, Akanuma Y, Froguel P, Foufelle F, Ferre P, Carling D, Kimura S, Nagai R, Kahn BB, Kadowaki T. Adiponectin stimulates glucose utilization and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Nat Med. 2002; 8:1288-1295.
• Zinman B, Hanley AJ, Retnakaran R, Connelly PW, Maguire G, Sermer M. Decreased high-molecular-weight adiponectin in gestational diabetes: implications for the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2007 Mar;24 (3):245-52

By research topic:

• Animal studies
• Energy metabolism and body weight regulation

By molecule:

• Adiponectin

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