Prolactin Human E. coli

Introduction to the Molecule

Prolactin (about 24 kDa, 199 amino acids) is a peptide hormone primarily associated with lactation. It is synthesised and secreted by lactotrope cells in the adenohypophysis. It is also produced in other tissues including the breast and the decidua. Prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk (lactation).

Description

Prolactin Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 200 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 23007 Dalton. The Prolactin is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Amino Acid Sequence

Source

E. coli

Purity

Greater than 95.0% as determined by: (a) Analysis by RP-HPLC. (b) Analysis by SDS-PAGE.

Biological Activity

The ED50 as determined by the dose-dependant stimulation of the proliferation of rat lymphoma, Nb2–11 was found to be < 0.065 ng/ml.

Formulation

The protein was lyophilized from a concentrated (1 mg/ml) solution with 10 mM sodium Phosphate buffer pH=8 and 50 mM NaCl.

Storage, Stability/Shelf Life

Lyophilized Prolactin although stable at room temperature for 3 weeks, should be stored desiccated below –18°C. Upon reconstitution Prolactin should be stored at 4°C between 2–7 days and for future use below –18°C. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Please prevent freeze-thaw cycles.

Physical Appearance

Sterile filtered White lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder.

References

• Allolio B, Hoeppener A, Leonhardt U, Deuss U, Winkelmann W. Size heterogeneity of immunoreactive prolactin in patients with prolactinoma. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1987 Apr;114 (4):475-82
• Bonhoff A, Vuille JC, Gomez F, Gellersen B. Identification of macroprolactin in a patient with asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia as a stable PRL-IgG complex. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1995;103 (4):252-5
• Brownell J, Wide L, Bergh T, Rasmussen C. CV 205-502: a new long-acting drug for inhibition of prolactin hypersecretion. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1987 Mar;26 (3):321-6
• Fahie-Wilson MN. Detection of macroprolactin causing hyperprolactinemia in commercial assays for prolactin. Clin Chem. 2000 Dec;46 (12):2022-3
• Ferland LH, Houdebine LM, Katoh M, Djiane J, Teyssot B, Dusanter-Fourt I, Kelly PA. The interaction of prolactin with its receptors in target tissues and its mechanism of action. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1984;40:379-439
• Frantz AG. Prolactin. N Engl J Med. 1978 Jan 26;298 (4):201-7
• Frantz AG, Kleinberg DL. Human prolactin: measurement in plasma by in vitro bioassay. J Clin Invest. 1971 Aug;50 (8):1557-68
• Friesen H, Guyda H, Hardy J. The biosynthesis of human growth hormone and prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1970 Dec;31 (6):611-24
• Friesen H, Guyda H, Hwang P. Purification of human prolactin. J Biol Chem. 1972 Apr 10;247 (7):1955-8
• Hwang P, Friesen H. Human prolactin. Annu Rev Med. 1973;24:251-70
• Hwang P, Guyda H, Friesen H. 2,3-diphosphoglycerate affects enzymes of glucose metabolism in red blood cells. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jul 7;232 (27):19-20
• Hwang P, Guyda H, Friesen H. A radioimmunoassay for human prolactin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Aug;68 (8):1902-6
• Iwasiow BM, Shiu RP. Prolactin-inducible proteins in human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1985 Sep 15;260 (20):11307-13
• Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM, Aubert ML. Heterologous radioimmunoassay for plasma human prolactin (hPRL); values in normal subjects, puberty, pregnancy and in pituitary disorders. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1974 Nov;77 (3):460-76
• Kelly PA, Posner BI, Tsushima T, Friesen HG. Studies of insulin, growth hormone and prolactin binding: ontogenesis, effects of sex and pregnancy. Endocrinology. 1974 Aug;95 (2):532-9
• Linzer DI, Nathans D. Nucleotide sequence of a growth-related mRNA encoding a member of the prolactin-growth hormone family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81 (14):4255-9
• McLeod. RM. Regulation of Prolactin Secretion: In Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (Martin L. and Garrong N.F. eds). Raven Press. 164,1976;
• Myres RP, Forsyth IA. Human prolactin. Evidence obtained by the bioassay of human plasma. J Endocrinol. 1971 Sep;51 (1):157-68
• Ratcliffe JG, Cowden EA, Beastall GH, Ratcliffe WA. Laboratory assessment of prolactin status. Ann Clin Biochem. 1979 May;16 (3):113-21
• Reyes FI, Winter JS, Faiman C. Pituitary-ovarian relationships preceding the menopause. I. A cross-sectional study of serum follice-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone levels. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1977 Nov 1;129 (5):557-64
• Schneider W, Marcovitz S, Al-Shammari S, Yago S, Chevalier S. Reactivity of macroprolactin in common automated immunoassays. Clin Biochem. 2001 Sep;34 (6):469-73
• Seavey BK, Singh RN, Lewis UJ. Human prolactin: isolation and some properties. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1971 Sep;44 (5):1169-76
• Shome B, Parlow AF. Human pituitary prolactin (hPRL): the entire linear amino acid sequence. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1977 Nov;45 (5):1112-5
• Sobrinho LG, Arranhado E, Santos MA, Leite V, Cavaco B. Some forms of big big prolactin behave as a complex of monomeric prolactin with an immunoglobulin G in patients with macroprolactinemia or prolactinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995 Aug;80 (8):2342-6
• Szonyi E, Mason AJ, Ramachandran J, Seeburg PH, Nikolics K. A prolactin-inhibiting factor within the precursor for human gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Nature. 1985 Aug 8-14;316 (6028):511-7
• Tyson JE, Hwang P, Guyda H, Friesen HG. Studies of prolactin secretion in human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1972 May 1;113 (1):14-20
• Utiger RD, Wilber JF, Daughaday WH, Jacobs LS, Snyder PJ. Increased serum prolactin after administration of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1971 Dec;33 (6):996-8

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