Prostaglandin D Synthase Human E. coli

Introduction to the Molecule

BTP catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/re­laxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Involved in a variety of CNS functions, such as sedation, NREM sleep and PGE2-induced allodynia, and may have an anti-apoptotic role in oligodendrocytes. Binds small non-substrate lipophilic molecules, including biliverdin, bilirubin, retinal, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone, and may act as a scavenger for harmful hydrophopic molecules and as a secretory retinoid and thyroid hormone transporter. Possibly involved in development and maintenance of the blood-brain, blood-retina, blood-aqueous humor and blood-testis barrier. It is likely to play important roles in both maturation and maintenance of the central nervous system and male reproductive system.

It has been proposed that the urinary and serum levels may provide a sensitive indicator of renal damage in diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Elevated levels in the coronary circulation may also be associated with angina. Changes in charge and molecular weight microheterogeneity, due to modification of the N-linked oligosaccharides, may be associated with neurodegenerative disease and multiple sclerosis. Detected in meningioma but not in other brain tumors and may be considered a specific cell marker for meningioma.

Research topic

Neural tissue damage markers, Renal disease

Description

Total 182 AA. MW: 20.3 kDa (calculated). N-Terminal His-tag, 14 extra AA (highlighted).

Amino Acid Sequence

Source

E. coli

Purity

Purity as determined by densitometric image analysis: >95%

SDS-PAGE gel

12% SDS-PAGE separation of Human Beta-Trace protein 1. M.W. marker – 14, 21, 31, 45, 66, 97 kDa 2. reduced and heated sample, 5μg/lane 3. non-reduced and non-heated sample, 5μg/lane

Endotoxin

<1.0 EU/µg

Formulation

Filtered (0,4 μm) and lyophilized in 0.5 mg/mL in 20mM Tris buffer, 20mM NaCl, pH 7.5

Reconstitution

Add deionized water to prepare a working stock solution of approximately 0.5 mg/mL and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Product is not sterile! Please filter the product by an appropriate sterile filter before using it in the cell culture.

Storage, Stability/Shelf Life

Store lyophilized protein at –20°C. Lyophilized protein remains stable until the expiry date when stored at –20°C. Aliquot reconstituted protein to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles and store at –80°C for long term storage. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show any change after one week at 4°C.

Quality Control Test

BCA to determine quantity of the protein.

SDS PAGE to determine purity of the protein.

LAL TEST to determine quantity of endotoxin.

Applications

Western blotting

Note

This product is intended for research use only.

References

• Bokenkamp A, Stoffel-Wagner B, Lentze MJ, Buderus S, Schmitt J, Duker G, Schlieber M, Franke I. Beta-trace protein--a marker of kidney function in children: "Original research communication-clinical investigation". Clin Biochem. 2007 Sep;40 (13-14):969-75
• Conradt HS, Nimtz M, Hoffmann A. Molecular characterization of beta-trace protein in human serum and urine: a potential diagnostic marker for renal diseases. Glycobiology. 1997 Jun;7 (4):499-506
• Hayaishi O, Urade Y. Biochemical, structural, genetic, physiological, and pathophysiological features of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Oct 18;1482 (1-2):259-71
• Hayaishi O, Urade Y, Matsu-ura Y, Kijima Y, Seiki K, Oda H, Eguchi N, Eguchi Y. Expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (beta-trace) in human heart and its accumulation in the coronary circulation of angina patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Dec 23;94 (26):14689-94
• Hayaishi O, Urade Y, Oda H, Eguchi N, Murata Y, Saji F, Kimura T, Nobunaga T, Shimoya K, Kubota Y, Kunishige I, Tokugawa Y. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase in human male reproductive organs and seminal plasma. Biol Reprod. 1998 Feb;58 (2):600-7
• Hoffmann A, Conradt HS, Gross G, Nimtz M, Lottspeich F, Wurster U. Purification and chemical characterization of beta-trace protein from human cerebrospinal fluid: its identification as prostaglandin D synthase.
• Inoue T, Eguchi Y, Matsumoto T, Kijima Y, Kato Y, Ozaki Y, Waseda K, Oda H, Seiki K, Node K, Urade Y. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase is a powerful biomarker for severity of stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2008 Dec;201 (2):385-91
• Jung K, Althaus H, Akbari A, Matzinger M, Keely E, Clark H, Vollmer I, Sinha P, Lepage N, Priem F, Filler G. Beta-trace protein, cystatin C, beta(2)-microglobulin, and creatinine compared for detecting impaired glomerular filtration rates in children. Clin Chem. 2002 May;48 (5):729-36
• Knoll GA, Lepage N, Filler G, Dinh L, Hussain N, Fergusson D, Doucette S, Akbari A, White CA. A novel equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate using beta-trace protein. Clin Chem. 2007 Nov;53 (11):1965-8
• Sauerbruch T, Gerhardt T, Klehr HU, Klein B, Stoffel-Wagner B, Poge U, Woitas RP. Serum levels of beta-trace protein and its association to diuresis in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Jan;23 (1):309-14
• Stejskal D, Ochmanova R, Novackova L, Solichova P. Assessment of serum beta-trace protein (BTP) measurement in the prediction of glomerular filtration rate. Comparison with serum cystatin C. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palack. 2006 Jul;150 (1):83-4
• Taniike M, Ozono K, Nakayama M, Urade Y, Wada K, Kagitani-Shimono K, Kanekiyo T, Okabe-Arahori H, Mohri I, Taniguchi H. Early induction of neuronal lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase after hypoxic-ischemic injury in developing brains. Neurosci Lett. 2007 Jun 8;420 (1):39-44
• Umemura S, Urade Y, Seiki K, Oda H, Takagi M, Eguchi Y, Ikeda T, Gomi T, Toya Y, Yamakado M, Uehara Y, Hirawa N. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 2002 Feb;39 (2 Pt 2):449-54
• Urade Y, Eguchi N, Sato N, Seiki K, Shiina Y, Oda H. Development and evaluation of a practical ELISA for human urinary lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase. Clin Chem. 2002 Sep;48 (9):1445-53

By research topic:

• Neural tissue damage markers
• Renal disease

By molecule:

• Prostaglandin D Synthase