Trefoil Factor 3 Human E. coli

Introduction to the Molecule

Human trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, also known as intestinal trefoil factor) belongs together with TFF1 and TFF2 to a small group of mucin-associated peptides. TFF3 contains seven cysteine residues, six of which form disulfide bonds to create a characteristic three-leafed structure. Due to its compact structure, TFF3 is extremely resistant toward acids, proteolytical cleavage or heat degradation. Monomeric form of TFF3 consists of 60 amino acids and has 6.7 kDa, while the dimer (13.1 kDa) consists of 118 amino acids. TFF3 is expressed mainly in gastrointestinal tract, in the mucous cells of the small and large intestine, where it maintains the integrity of mucous layer and in cooperation with mucins protects the gastrointestinal epithelial cells against various injurious agents. However, TFF3 was also detected in salivary glands, posterior pituitary gland and in the inner ear. Secretion of TFF3 is triggered by the presence of certain inflammation mediators and neurotransmitters. Studies showed that oral administration of TFF3 in rats protects gastric mucosa from damage. Over-expression of TFF3 occurs at the sites of damage of the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. peptic ulcer or inflammatory bowel disease. Patients suffering from these diseases have increased levels of TFF3 in serum. TFF3 was reported to be over-expressed also in patients with various neoplasms including intestinal, pancreatic and prostate carcinomas. On the contrary, its expression decreases in thyroid follicular carcinomas. In vitro studies showed that in breast cancer cells, expression of TFF3 is regulated by the level of estrogen. Recent study with human and rodent pancreatic islet β-cells has demonstrated that TFF3 overexpression increases their proliferation. Both major forms of diabetes involve a decline in islet β-cells mass and their controlled expansion would have great potential utility for treatment of this diseases. Another study with rats has shown that urinary TFF3 protein levels were markedly reduced in response to renal tubular injury, while his levels did not respond to nonrenal toxicants.

Research topic

Energy metabolism and body weight regulation, Oncology, Renal disease, Sepsis

Description

Total 69 AA. MW: 7.82 kDa (calculated). N-terminal His-tag, 10 extra AA (highlighted).

Amino Acid Sequence

Source

E. coli

Purity

>95%

SDS-PAGE gel

12% SDS-PAGE separation of Human TFF3

1. M.W. marker – 14, 21, 31, 45, 66, 97 kDa
2. reduced and heated sample, 5μg / lane
3. non-reduced and non-heated sample, 5μg / lane

Formulation

Filtered (0.4 μm) and lyophilized from 0.5 mg/ml in 20mM Tris buffer, 150mM NaCl, pH 7.5

Reconstitution

Add deionized water to prepare a working stock solution of approximately 0.5 mg/mL and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Product is not sterile! Please filter the product by an appropriate sterile filter before using it in the cell culture.

Storage, Stability/Shelf Life

Store lyophilized protein at –20°C. Lyophilized protein remains stable until the expiry date when stored at –20°C. Aliquot reconstituted protein to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles and store at –80°C for long term storage. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show any change after one week at 4°C.

Quality Control Test

BCA to determine quantity of the protein.

SDS PAGE to determine purity of the protein.

Applications

Western blotting

Note

This product is intended for research use only. The Certificate of Analysis is available on www.biovendor.com

References

• Baus-Loncar M, Blin N, Shah AA, Lubka M. The intestinal trefoil factor (Tff3), also expressed in the inner ear, interacts with peptides contributing to apoptosis. J Appl Genet. 2009;50 (2):167-71
• Hohmeier HE, Newgard CB, Mirmira RG, Babu DA, Lu D, Schisler JC, Fueger PT. Trefoil factor 3 stimulates human and rodent pancreatic islet beta-cell replication with retention of function. Mol Endocrinol. 2008 May;22 (5):1251-9
• Holmskov U, Thim L, Tornoe I, Nielsen O, Madsen J. Tissue localization of human trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3. J Histochem Cytochem. 2007 May;55 (5):505-13
• Santin AD, Pecorelli S, Odicino FE, Bandiera E, Romani C, Falchetti M, Rossi E, Calza S, Tassi RA, Ravaggi A, Bignotti E. Trefoil factor 3: a novel serum marker identified by gene expression profiling in high-grade endometrial carcinomas. Br J Cancer. 2008 Sep 2;99 (5):768-73
• Shidoji Y, Oku T, Muraguchi T, Okamoto K, Kawashima T. Downregulation of trefoil factor 3 gene expression in the colon of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)-P6 revealed by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Biomed Res. 2010;31 (3):169-75
• Thim L, Clausen JT, Ejskjaer K, Nielsen AM, Larsen R, Gronbaek H, Poulsen SS, Vestergaard EM, Nexo E. Development and evaluation of an ELISA for human trefoil factor 3. Clin Chem. 2002 Oct;48 (10):1689-95
• Thudium D, Aslamkhan AG, Sistare FD, Seng J, Bailey W, Troth SP, Muniappa N, Su M, Clouse H, Figueroa DJ, Shi S, Shughrue P, Holder D, Villarreal S, Ozer JS, Jin H, Yu Y, Gerhold DL. Urinary biomarkers trefoil factor 3 and albumin enable early detection of kidney tubular injury. Nat Biotechnol. 2010 May;28 (5):470-7
• Yamada H, Takano T. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3): a promising indicator for diagnosing thyroid follicular carcinoma. Endocr J. 2009 Mar;56 (1):9-16

By research topic:

• Energy metabolism and body weight regulation
• Oncology
• Renal disease
• Sepsis

By molecule:

• Trefoil Factor 3

Registration form