• Back to Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA, Kallikrein-3, Gamma-seminoprotein,P-30 antigen, Semenogelase)

• Banez LL, Hamilton RJ, Partin AW, Vollmer RT, Sun L, Rodriguez C, Wang Y, Terris MK, Aronson WJ, Presti JC Jr, Kane CJ, Amling CL, Moul JW, Freedland SJ. Obesity-related plasma hemodilution and PSA concentration among men with prostate cancer. JAMA. 2007 Nov 21;298 (19):2275-80
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• Carter HB. Prostate cancers in men with low PSA levels--must we find them?. N Engl J Med. 2004 May 27;350 (22):2292-4
• Catalona WJ, Richie JP, Ahmann FR, Hudson MA, Scardino PT, Flanigan RC, deKernion JB, Ratliff TL, Kavoussi LR, Dalkin BL, et al. Comparison of digital rectal examination and serum prostate specific antigen in the early detection of prostate cancer: results of a multicenter clinical trial of 6,630 men. J Urol. 1994 May;151 (5):1283-90
• Catalona WJ, Smith DS, Ratliff TL, Dodds KM, Coplen DE, Yuan JJ, Petros JA, Andriole GL. Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 1991 Apr 25;324 (17):1156-61
• Chybowski FM, Bergstralh EJ, Oesterling JE. The effect of digital rectal examination on the serum prostate specific antigen concentration: results of a randomized study. J Urol. 1992 Jul;148 (1):83-6
• Collins GN, Martin PJ, Wynn-Davies A, Brooman PJ, O'Reilly PH. The effect of digital rectal examination, flexible cystoscopy and prostatic biopsy on free and total prostate specific antigen, and the free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio in clinical practice. J Urol. 1997 May;157 (5):1744-7
• Connolly DJ, Black A, Murray LJ, Gavin A, Keane PF. Population based age-specific reference ranges for PSA. Prostate Cancer Symposium. 2007;
• Crawford ED, Schutz MJ, Clejan S, Drago J, Resnick MI, Chodak GW, Gomella LG, Austenfeld M, Stone NN, Miles BJ, et al. The effect of digital rectal examination on prostate-specific antigen levels. JAMA. 1992 Apr 22-29;267 (16):2227-8
• Dreicer R. Why do obese men have lower PSA concentrations?. Journal Watch (New England Jou. 2007 (1120);
• Herschman JD, Smith DS, Catalona WJ. Effect of ejaculation on serum total and free prostate-specific antigen concentrations. Urology. 1997 Aug;50 (2):239-43
• Monne M, Croce CM, Yu H, Diamandis EP. Molecular characterization of prostate-specific antigen messenger RNA expressed in breast tumors. Cancer Res. 1994 Dec 15;54 (24):6344-7
• Myrtle JF. Clinical utility of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the management of prostate cancer. Advances in Cancer Diagnostics. (1986) San Diego: Hybritech In;
• Myrtle JF. Measurement of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in Serum by a Two-Site Immunometric Method (Hybritech Tandem-R/Tandem-E PSA). Clinical Aspects of Prostate C. October 16–19, 1988 ;Assessment of New Diagnostic a (New York: Elsevier):161–71
• Myrtle JF. Normal Levels of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). In Catalona WJ, Coffey DS, Karr JP (eds.). Clinical Aspects of Prostate C. October 16–19, 1988 ;at Prout's Neck, Maine, U.S.A.:183–9
• Nadler RB, Humphrey PA, Smith DS, Catalona WJ, Ratliff TL. Effect of inflammation and benign prostatic hyperplasia on elevated serum prostate specific antigen levels. J Urol. 1995 Aug;154 (2 Pt 1):407-13
• Satheesh Babu AK, Vijayalakshmi MA, Smith GJ, Chadha KC. Thiophilic-interaction chromatography of enzymatically active tissue prostate-specific antigen (T-PSA) and its modulation by zinc ions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol . 2008 Jan 15;861 (2):227-35
• Tarhan F, Orcun A, Kucukercan I, Camursoy N, Kuyumcuoglu U. Effect of prostatic massage on serum complexed prostate-specific antigen levels. Urology. 2005 Dec;66 (6):1234-8
• Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, Minasian LM, Ford LG, Lippman SM, Crawford ED, Crowley JJ, Coltman CA Jr. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J