sRANKL (total) Human ELISA (Osteoprotegerin Ligand)

Cat. No.	Size	Price
RD193004200R	96 wells (1 kit)

Technical Data

Type

Sandwich ELISA, Biotin-labelled antibody

Applications

Serum, Plasma-EDTA, Plasma-Heparin, Plasma-Citrate

Sample Requirements

5 µl/well

Shipping

At ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at the temperature recommended below.

Storage/Expiration

Store the kit at 2–8°C. Under these conditions, the kit is stable until the expiration date (see label on the box).

Calibration Curve

Calibration Range

0.5–32 pmol/l

Limit of Detection

0.4 pmol/l

Intra-assay (Within-Run)

n = 8; CV = 9.4%

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run)

n = 4; CV = 12.0%

Spiking Recovery

96,30%

Dilutation Linearity

112,30%

Crossreactivity

bovine Non-detectable
cat Non-detectable
dog Non-detectable
goat Non-detectable
hamster Non-detectable
horse Non-detectable
monkey Non-detectable
mouse Non-detectable
rabbit Non-detectable
rat Non-detectable
sheep Non-detectable
chicken Not tested
human Yes
pig Yes (recommended dilution 1:12)

Summary

Features

It is intended for research use only
The total assay time is about 20 hours
The kit measures total sRANKL in serum and plasma (EDTA, citrate, heparin)
Assay format is 96 wells
Quality Controls are native protein based
Standard is serum protein based
Components of the kit are provided ready to use, concentrated or lyophilized

Research topic

Bone and cartilage metabolism, Oncology

Summary

sRANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (also: osteoprotegerin ligand, OPGL), is a part of the TNF superfamily with high similarity to other members of that protein species. (SwissProt Nr. O14788).

Three isoforms are produced by alternate splicing, two type II membrane proteins (ISOFORM 1, 317 AA, and ISOFORM 3, 270 AA), and a secreted molecule (ISOFORM 2, 244 AA). ISOFORM 1 is identical to previously reported RANKL and possesses intracellular, transmembrane, and extracellular domains; ISOFORM 2 does not have the intracellular and transmembrane domains, and ISOFORM 3 does not have the intracellular domain. A soluble form arises by proteolytic processing from membrane isoforms.

Although all forms are bioactive, the membrane-bound proteins seem to be the homeostatic forms, while the production of soluble RANKL signals pathological conditions.

RANKL, RANK, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been identified as the key molecular regulation system for bone remodelling. RANKL is the main stimulatory factor for the formation of mature osteoclasts and is essential for their survival. Therefore, an increase in RANKL expression leads to bone resorption and bone loss. RANKL is produced by osteoblastic lineage cells and activated T lymphocytes. It activates its specific receptor RANK, which is located on osteoclasts and dendritic cells. The effects of RANKL are counteracted by OPG, which is secreted by various tissues and acts as an endogenous soluble receptor antagonist.

Imbalances of the RANKL/OPG system have been related to the pathogenesis of Paget’s disease, benign and malignant bone tumors, postmenopausal osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, bone metastases and hypercalcemia. Several studies using animal models have shown that restoring the RANKL/OPG balance (e.g. by administering OPG) reduces the severity of these disorders.

Indication

Postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis
Diseases with locally increased bone resorption activity
Paget´s disease
Periodontal disease
Cardiovascular disease, arterial calcification
Inflammatory diseases
Immunological disorders
Arthritis
Oncology

References to Product

References

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References to Summary

References to RANKL

Hofbauer L.C et al. Effect of oral contraceptives on circulatingosteoprotegerin and soluble RANK ligand serum levels in healthy young women. Clin Endocrinol (2004) 60: 214–219
Ito S. et al. Crystal structure of the extracellular domain of mouse ligand at2.2-A resolution. J Biol Chem (2002) 22: 6631–6636.
Lam J. et al. Crystal structure of the TRANCE/RANKL cytokine reveals determinants of receptorligand specifity. J Clin Invest (2001) 108: 971–979.
Lacey D.L, et al., Osteoprotegerin ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. Cell (1998), 93:165–176.
Kong Y.Y. et al., OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature (1999), 397: 315–323.
Hsu H. et al., Tumor necrosis factor receptor family member RANK mediates osteoclast differentiation and activation induced by osteoprotegerin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci (1999), 96:3540–3545.
Josien R. et al, TRANCE, a tumor necrosis factor family member, enhances the longevity and adjuvant properties of dendritic cells in vivo. J Exp Med (2000), 191: 495–502.
Fuller K. et al., TRANCE is necessary and sufficient for osteoblast-mediated activation of bone resorption in osteoclasts. J Exp Med (1998), 188: 997–1001.
Nakashima T. et. al., Protein expression and functional difference of membrane-bound and soluble receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand: modulation of the expression by osteotropic factors and cytokines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun (2000), 275(3):768–775.
Kong Y.Y. et al., Activated T cells regulate bone loss and joint destruction in adjuvant arthritis through osteoprotegerin ligand. Nature (1999), 402: 304–309.
Hofbauer L.C. & A.E. Heufelder, Role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-KB ligand and osteoprotegerin in bone cell biology. J Mol Med (2001), 79: 243–253.
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Hofbauer LC, et al. The role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand and osteoprotegerin in the pathogenesis and treatment of metabolic bone diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab (2000), 85: 2355–2363.
Teitelbaum S.L., Bone resorption by osteoclasts. Science (2000), 289: 1504–1508.

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