Type
Recombinant protein
Description
Total 68 AA. MW: 7.7 kDa (calculated). C-terminal flag-tag. 9 extra AA (1 AA N-terminal, 8 AA C-terminal). UniprotKB acc.no. Q03191
Amino Acid Sequence
MQEFVGLSPSQCMVPANVRVDCGYPTVTSEQCNNRGCCFDSSIPNVPWCFKPLQETECTFDYKDDDDK
Source
E. coli
Purity
Purity as determined by densitometric image analysis: >95%
SDS-PAGE Gel
14% SDS-PAGE separation of Rat TFF3:
1. M.W. marker – 14, 21, 31, 45, 66, 97 kDa
2. reduced and heated sample, 5μg / lane
3. empty lane
4. non-reduced and non-boiled sample, 5μg / lane
Endotoxin
< 0.1 EU/μg
Formulation
Filtered (0.4 μm) and lyophilized in 0.5 mg/mL in 20mM TRIS, 50mM NaCl, pH 7.5
Reconstitution
Add 200μl of deionized water to prepare a working stock solution of 0.5 mg/ml and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Product is not sterile! Please filter the product by an appropriate sterile filter before using it in the cell culture.
Applications
Western blotting, ELISA
Shipping
At ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at the temperature recommended below.
Storage/Expiration
Store the lyophilized protein at –80 °C. Lyophilized protein remains stable until the expiry date when stored at –80 °C. Aliquot reconstituted protein to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles and store at –80 °C for long term storage. Reconstituted protein can be stored at 4 °C for a week.
Quality Control Test
BCA to determine quantity of the protein.
SDS PAGE to determine purity of the protein.
LAL to determine quantity of endotoxin.
Note
This product is intended for research use only.
Research topic
Energy metabolism and body weight regulation, Oncology, Renal disease, Sepsis, Animal studies
Summary
Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3, also known as intestinal trefoil factor) belongs together with TFF1 and TFF2 to a small group of mucin-associated peptides. TFF3 contains seven cysteine residues, six of which form disulfide bonds to create a characteristic three-leafed structure. Due to its compact structure, TFF3 is extremely resistant toward acids, proteolytical cleavage or heat degradation. Monomeric form of TFF3 consists of 60 amino acids and has 6.7 kDa, while the dimer (13.1 kDa) consists of 118 amino acids. TFF3 is expressed mainly in gastrointestinal tract, in the mucous cells of the small and large intestine, where it maintains the integrity of mucous layer and in cooperation with mucins protects the gastrointestinal epithelial cells against various injurious agents. However, TFF3 was also detected in salivary glands, posterior pituitary gland and in the inner ear. Secretion of TFF3 is triggered by the presence of certain inflammation mediators and neurotransmitters. Studies showed that oral administration of TFF3 in rats protects gastric mucosa from damage. Over-expression of TFF3 occurs at the sites of damage of the gastrointestinal tract, e.g. peptic ulcer or inflammatory bowel disease. Patients suffering from these diseases have increased levels of TFF3 in serum. TFF3 was reported to be over-expressed also in patients with various neoplasms including intestinal, pancreatic and prostate carcinomas. On the contrary, its expression decreases in thyroid follicular carcinomas. In vitro studies showed that in breast cancer cells, expression of TFF3 is regulated by the level of estrogen. Recent study with human and rodent pancreatic islet β-cells has demonstrated that TFF3 overexpression increases their proliferation. Both major forms of diabetes involve a decline in islet β-cells mass and their controlled expansion would have great potential utility for treatment of this diseases. Another study with rats has shown that urinary TFF3 protein levels were markedly reduced in response to renal tubular injury, while his levels did not respond to nonrenal toxicants.
