Human (fecal) Calprotectin ELISA

Cat. No.	Size	Price
RHK382R	96 wells (1 kit)	$785

Technical Data

Type

Sandwich ELISA

Applications

Stool

Sample Requirements

100 mg

Storage/Expiration

Store the complete kit at 2–8°C. Under these conditions, all components are stable until the expiration date (see label on the box).

Calibration Range

range I: 16-625 µg/g;
range II: 48-1,875 µg/g

Limit of Detection

16 μg/g feces

Intra-assay (Within-Run)

n = 20

CV = 4.7%

Inter-assay (Run-to-Run)

n = 5
CV = 5.2%

Spiking Recovery

101.6%

Summary

Features

It is intended for research use only

The total assay time is less than 2 hours

The kit measures calprotectin in human stool

Assay format is 96 wells

Components of the kit are provided ready to use, concentrated or dried

Research topic

Autoimmunity, Inflammatory bowel disease

Summary

Calprotectin, also known as S100A8/A9 heterocomplex, is formed out of the calcium-binding, migrating proteins S100A8 and S100A9. Calprotectin is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein complex composed of 8 and 14 kD subunits and complex formation is calcium dependent. Neutrophils are the main producers of calprotectin, but expression has also been found in monocytes, macrophages and ileal tissue eosinophils. Altogether, S100A8 and S100A9 proteins contribute to approximately 40–60% of the soluble, cytosolic content of granulocytes. Calprotectin has antibacterial, antifungal, immunomodulating and antiproliferative effects. Elevated concentrations of calprotectin can be measured among others in plasma, synovial fluid, urine and feces. The presence of calprotectin in feces quantitatively relates to neutrophil migration towards the gastrointestinal tract. Calprotectin is therefore considered a reliable biomarker for intestinal inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Calprotectin in feces is stable for several days and even longer at 4 °C. Consistently higher fecal calprotectin levels have been reported in both adult and pediatric patients with IBD compared to IBS or healthy controls. Raised levels of the protein indicate presence of luminal white cells. Such finding indicates that the intestine is inflamed, although the type of inflammation is not defined. The ELISA is a single incubation step reaction. After this incubation the wells are filled with substrate. The performance is assured by the addition of a high control and a low control.

Summary References (16)

References to S100A8/A9

Altwegg LA, Neidhart M, Hersberger M, Muller S, Eberli FR, Corti R, Roffi M, Sutsch G, Gay S, von Eckardstein A, Wischnewsky MB, Luscher TF, Maier W. Myeloid-related protein 8/14 complex is released by monocytes and granulocytes at the site of coronary occlusion: a novel, early, and sensitive marker of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2007 Apr;28 (8):941-8
Andres Cerezo L, Mann H, Pecha O, Plestilova L, Pavelka K, Vencovsky J, Senolt L. Decreases in serum levels of S100A8/9 (calprotectin) correlate with improvements in total swollen joint count in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13 (4):R122
Andres Cerezo L, Mann H, Pecha O, Plestilova L, Pavelka K, Vencovsky J, Senolt L. Decreases in serum levels of S100A8/9 (calprotectin) correlate with improvements in total swollen joint count in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13 (4):R122
Bealer JF, Colgin M. S100A8/A9: a potential new diagnostic aid for acute appendicitis. Acad Emerg Med. 2010 Mar;17 (3):333-6
Bhardwaj RS, Zotz C, Zwadlo-Klarwasser G, Roth J, Goebeler M, Mahnke K, Falk M, Meinardus-Hager G, Sorg C. The calcium-binding proteins MRP8 and MRP14 form a membrane-associated heterodimer in a subset of monocytes/macrophages present in acute but absent in chronic inflammatory lesions. Eur J Immunol. 1992 Jul;22 (7):1891-7
Chen YS, Yan W, Geczy CL, Brown MA, Thomas R. Serum levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and of S100 proteins are associated with inflammatory, autoantibody, and classical risk markers of joint and vascular damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11 (2):R39
Ghavami S, Rashedi I, Dattilo BM, Eshraghi M, Chazin WJ, Hashemi M, Wesselborg S, Kerkhoff C, Los M. S100A8/A9 at low concentration promotes tumor cell growth via RAGE ligation and MAP kinase-dependent pathway. J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Jun;83 (6):1484-92
Heller F, Frischmann S, Grunbaum M, Zidek W, Westhoff TH. Urinary calprotectin and the distinction between prerenal and intrinsic acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Oct;6 (10):2347-55
Limburg PJ, Ahlquist DA, Sandborn WJ, Mahoney DW, Devens ME, Harrington JJ, Zinsmeister AR. Fecal calprotectin levels predict colorectal inflammation among patients with chronic diarrhea referred for colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000 Oct;95 (10):2831-7
Lood C, Stenstrom M, Tyden H, Gullstrand B, Kallberg E, Leanderson T, Truedsson L, Sturfelt G, Ivars F, Bengtsson AA. Protein synthesis of the pro-inflammatory S100A8/A9 complex in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and cell surface S100A8/A9 on leukocyte subpopulations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13 (2):R60
Mortensen OH, Nielsen AR, Erikstrup C, Plomgaard P, Fischer CP, Krogh-Madsen R, Lindegaard B, Petersen AM, Taudorf S, Pedersen BK. Calprotectin--a novel marker of obesity. PLoS One. 2009;4 (10):e7419
Striz I, Trebichavsky I. Calprotectin - a pleiotropic molecule in acute and chronic inflammation. Physiol Res. 2004;53 (3):245-53
Terrin G, Passariello A, Manguso F, Salvia G, Rapacciuolo L, Messina F, Raimondi F, Canani RB. Serum calprotectin: an antimicrobial peptide as a new marker for the diagnosis of sepsis in very low birth weight newborns. Clin Dev Immunol. 2011;2011:291085
Tibble JA, Sigthorsson G, Foster R, Forgacs I, Bjarnason I. Use of surrogate markers of inflammation and Rome criteria to distinguish organic from nonorganic intestinal disease. Gastroenterology. 2002 Aug;123 (2):450-60
Vogl T, Roth J, Sorg C, Hillenkamp F, Strupat K. Calcium-induced noncovalently linked tetramers of MRP8 and MRP14 detected by ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 1999 Nov;10 (11):1124-30
Yong HY, Moon A. Roles of calcium-binding proteins, S100A8 and S100A9, in invasive phenotype of human gastric cancer cells. Arch Pharm Res. 2007 Jan;30 (1):75-81

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Instructions for Use (RUO)

Instructions for Use (RUO)
Instructions for Use (RUO)