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Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4 (HEK) Human, Sheep Polyclonal Antibody

  • Regulatory status:RUO
  • Type:Polyclonal Antibody
  • Other names:Angiopoietin-related protein 4, Hepatic fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein, HFARP, ANGPTL4, ARP4, HFARP, PGAR, PP1158, PSEC0166, UNQ171/PRO197, FIAF
  • Species:Human
Cat. No. Size Price
1 pc / 2 - 5 pcs / 6+ pcs


RD184073100-02 0.1 mg $277 / $243 / On request
PubMed Product Details
Technical Data

Type

Polyclonal Antibody

Applications

Western blotting, ELISA, Immunohistochemistry

Antibodies Applications

Source of Antigen

HEK293

Hosts

Sheep

Preparation

The antibody was raised in sheep by immunization with the recombinant Human ANGPTL4.

Amino Acid Sequence

Total 392 AA. MW: 44.2 kDa (calculated). UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9BY76 with C-Terminal Flag-tag, 11 extra AA.

GPVQSKSPRFASWDEMNVLAHGLLQLGQGLREHAERTRSQLSALERRLSACGSACQGTEGSTDLPLAPESRVDPEVLHSLQTQLKAQNSRIQQLFHKVAQQQRHLEKQHLRIQHLQSQFGLLDHKHLDHEVAKPARRKRLPEMAQPVDPAHNVSRLHRLPRDCQELFQVGERQSGLFEIQPQGSPPFLVNCKMTSDGGWTVIQRRHDGSVDFNRPWEAYKAGFGDPHGEFWLGLEKVHSITGDRNSRLAVQLRDWDGNAELLQFSVHLGGEDTAYSLQLTAPVAGQLGATTVPPSGLSVPFSTWDQDHDLRRDKNCAKSLSGGWWFGTCSHSNLNGQYFRSIPQQRQKLKKGIFWKTWRGRYYPLQATTMLIQPMAAEAASAAADYKDDDDK

Species Reactivity

Human. Not yet tested in other species.

Purification Method

Immunoaffinity chromatography on a column with immobilized recombinant Human ANGPTL4.

Antibody Content

0.1 mg (determined by BCA method, BSA was used as a standard)

Formulation

The antibody is lyophilized in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.2. 

Reconstitution

Add 0.2 ml of deionized water and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Slight turbidity may occur after reconstitution, which does not affect activity of the antibody. In this case clarify the solution by centrifugation.

Shipping

At ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at the temperature recommended below.

Storage/Expiration

The lyophilized antibody remains stable and fully active until the expiry date when stored at -20°C. Aliquot the product after reconstitution to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles and store frozen at -80°C. Reconstituted antibody can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show decline in activity after one week at 4°C.

Quality Control Test

Indirect ELISA – to determine titer of the antibody SDS PAGE – to determine purity of the antibody BCA - to determine quantity of the antibody

Note

This product is for research use only.

Summary

Research topic

Energy metabolism and body weight regulation

Summary

Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted 50 kD protein that modulates the disposition of circulating triglycerides (TG) by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL). ANGPTL4 was identified as a gene that is induced by fasting, and during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, and was thus named HFARP (hepatic fibrinogen/an­giopoietin-related protein), FIAF (fasting-induced adipose factor), and PGAR (PPAR-angiopoietin related). It is one of the seven members of the angiopoietin-like family. Angptl4 is expressed ubiquitously, predominantly in adipose tissue, liver, placenta, myocardium, keratinocytes, podocytes, intestine, and pituitary gland. ANGPTL4 is a fusion protein consisting of an N-terminal coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. These two domains have been shown to have distinct biological functions. The N-terminal domain is responsible for the inhibitory effects on LPL, converting the active form of LPL into an inactive form, and the C-terminus mediates its antiangiogenic functions. Interestingly, these two domains are separated by a short linker that can be cleaved after secretion. Upon secretion into the circulation, ANGPTL4 is cleaved into an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. The N-terminal peptide circulates as an oligomer, and the fibrinogen-like domain circulates as a monomer. The N-terminal domain of ANGPTL4 interacts directly but transiently with LPL, triggering a stable conformational switch in LPL that irreversibly inactivates the enzyme. Cleavage of ANGPTL4 appears to be tissue-dependent in humans; liver secretes cleaved ANGPTL4, whereas adipose tissue secretes the full-length form. In mice the full-length form of ANGPTL4 is physically associated with HDL, whereas truncated ANGPTL4 is associated with low density lipoprotein. In humans, both full-length and truncated ANGPTL4 are associated with HDL. ANGPTL4 expression is upreguated by fasting, free fatty acids, PARR agonists, acute phase response, glucocorticoids, and downregulated by insulin. ANGPTL4 has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer metastasis, obesity, diabetes, wound repair, inflammation, arthritis and nephrotic syndrome. Serum or plasma levels were determined in a limited number of studies. ANGPTL4 serum levels display high variability between individuals ranging from 2 to 158 ng/ml. In post-heparin plasma, ANGPTL4 is increased. ANGPTL4 correlates positively with age, body fat mass, waist-hip-ratio and free faty acids but negatively with plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. No correlation with triglycerides was observed in one study. ANGPTL4 is a positive acute phase protein and its increase could contribute to the hypertriglyce­ridemia that characteristically occurs during the acute phase response by inhibiting LPL activity.

Summary References (10)

References to Angiopoietin-Like Protein 4

  • Cazes A, Galaup A, Chomel C, Bignon M, Brechot N, Le Jan S, Weber H, Corvol P, Muller L, Germain S, Monnot C. Extracellular matrix-bound angiopoietin-like 4 inhibits endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and sprouting and alters actin cytoskeleton. Circ Res. 2006 Nov 24;99 (11):1207-15
  • Folsom AR, Peacock JM, Demerath E, Boerwinkle E. Variation in ANGPTL4 and risk of coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Metabolism. 2008 Nov;57 (11):1591-6
  • Galaup A, Cazes A, Le Jan S, Philippe J, Connault E, Le Coz E, Mekid H, Mir LM, Opolon P, Corvol P, Monnot C, Germain S. Angiopoietin-like 4 prevents metastasis through inhibition of vascular permeability and tumor cell motility and invasiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 5;103 (49):18721-6
  • Hermann LM, Pinkerton M, Jennings K, Yang L, Grom A, Sowders D, Kersten S, Witte DP, Hirsch R, Thornton S. Angiopoietin-like-4 is a potential angiogenic mediator in arthritis. Clin Immunol. 2005 Apr;115 (1):93-101
  • Kersten S, Lichtenstein L, Steenbergen E, Mudde K, Hendriks HF, Hesselink MK, Schrauwen P, Muller M. Caloric restriction and exercise increase plasma ANGPTL4 levels in humans via elevated free fatty acids. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2009 Jun;29 (6):969-74
  • Le Jan S, Amy C, Cazes A, Monnot C, Lamande N, Favier J, Philippe J, Sibony M, Gasc JM, Corvol P, Germain S. Angiopoietin-like 4 is a proangiogenic factor produced during ischemia and in conventional renal cell carcinoma. Am J Pathol. 2003 May;162 (5):1521-8
  • Robciuc MR, Tahvanainen E, Jauhiainen M, Ehnholm C. Quantitation of serum angiopoietin-like proteins 3 and 4 in a Finnish population sample. J Lipid Res. 2010 Apr;51 (4):824-31
  • Stejskal D, Karpisek M, Reutova H, Humenanska V, Petzel M, Kusnierova P, Vareka I, Varekova R, Stejskal P. Angiopoietin-like protein 4: development, analytical characterization, and clinical testing of a new ELISA. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2008 Mar;27 (1):59-63
  • Sukonina V, Lookene A, Olivecrona T, Olivecrona G. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 converts lipoprotein lipase to inactive monomers and modulates lipase activity in adipose tissue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Nov 14;103 (46):17450-5
  • Xu A, Lam MC, Chan KW, Wang Y, Zhang J, Hoo RL, Xu JY, Chen B, Chow WS, Tso AW, Lam KS. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 decreases blood glucose and improves glucose tolerance but induces hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Apr 26;102 (17):6086-91
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