Type
Polyclonal Antibody
Applications
Western blotting, ELISA, Immunohistochemistry
Antibodies Applications
Source of Antigen
HEK293
Hosts
Sheep
Preparation
The antibody was raised in sheep by immunization with the recombinant Human ANGPTL4.
Amino Acid Sequence
Total 392 AA. MW: 44.2 kDa (calculated). UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Q9BY76 with C-Terminal Flag-tag, 11 extra AA (highlighted).
GPVQSKSPRFASWDEMNVLAHGLLQLGQGLREHAERTRSQLSALERRLSACGSACQGTEGSTDLPLAPESRVDPEVLHSLQTQLKAQNSRIQQLFHKVAQQQRHLEKQHLRIQHLQSQFGLLDHKHLDHEVAKPARRKRLPEMAQPVDPAHNVSRLHRLPRDCQELFQVGERQSGLFEIQPQGSPPFLVNCKMTSDGGWTVIQRRHDGSVDFNRPWEAYKAGFGDPHGEFWLGLEKVHSITGDRNSRLAVQLRDWDGNAELLQFSVHLGGEDTAYSLQLTAPVAGQLGATTVPPSGLSVPFSTWDQDHDLRRDKNCAKSLSGGWWFGTCSHSNLNGQYFRSIPQQRQKLKKGIFWKTWRGRYYPLQATTMLIQPMAAEAASAAADYKDDDDK
Species Reactivity
Human. Not yet tested in other species.
Purification Method
Immunoaffinity chromatography on a column with immobilized recombinant Human ANGPTL4.
Antibody Content
0.1 mg (determined by BCA method, BSA was used as a standard)
Formulation
The antibody is lyophilized in 0.05 M phosphate buffer, 0.1 M NaCl, pH 7.2. AZIDE FREE.
Reconstitution
Add 0.2 ml of deionized water and let the lyophilized pellet dissolve completely. Slight turbidity may occur after reconstitution, which does not affect activity of the antibody. In this case clarify the solution by centrifugation.
Shipping
At ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store the product at the temperature recommended below.
Storage/Expiration
The lyophilized antibody remains stable and fully active until the expiry date when stored at –20°C. Aliquot the product after reconstitution to avoid repeated freezing/thawing cycles and store frozen at –80°C. Reconstituted antibody can be stored at 4°C for a limited period of time; it does not show decline in activity after one week at 4°C.
Quality Control Test
Indirect ELISA – to determine titer of the antibody
SDS PAGE – to determine purity of the antibody
Note
This product is for research use only.
Research topic
Energy metabolism and body weight regulation
Summary
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a secreted 50 kD protein that modulates the disposition of circulating triglycerides (TG) by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL). ANGPTL4 was identified as a gene that is induced by fasting, and during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation, and was thus named HFARP (hepatic fibrinogen/angiopoietin-related protein), FIAF (fasting-induced adipose factor), and PGAR (PPAR-angiopoietin related). It is one of the seven members of the angiopoietin-like family. Angptl4 is expressed ubiquitously, predominantly in adipose tissue, liver, placenta, myocardium, keratinocytes, podocytes, intestine, and pituitary gland. ANGPTL4 is a fusion protein consisting of an N-terminal coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. These two domains have been shown to have distinct biological functions. The N-terminal domain is responsible for the inhibitory effects on LPL, converting the active form of LPL into an inactive form, and the C-terminus mediates its antiangiogenic functions. Interestingly, these two domains are separated by a short linker that can be cleaved after secretion. Upon secretion into the circulation, ANGPTL4 is cleaved into an N-terminal domain and a C-terminal fibrinogen-like domain. The N-terminal peptide circulates as an oligomer, and the fibrinogen-like domain circulates as a monomer. The N-terminal domain of ANGPTL4 interacts directly but transiently with LPL, triggering a stable conformational switch in LPL that irreversibly inactivates the enzyme. Cleavage of ANGPTL4 appears to be tissue-dependent in humans; liver secretes cleaved ANGPTL4, whereas adipose tissue secretes the full-length form. In mice the full-length form of ANGPTL4 is physically associated with HDL, whereas truncated ANGPTL4 is associated with low density lipoprotein. In humans, both full-length and truncated ANGPTL4 are associated with HDL. ANGPTL4 expression is upreguated by fasting, free fatty acids, PARR agonists, acute phase response, glucocorticoids, and downregulated by insulin. ANGPTL4 has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer metastasis, obesity, diabetes, wound repair, inflammation, arthritis and nephrotic syndrome. Serum or plasma levels were determined in a limited number of studies. ANGPTL4 serum levels display high variability between individuals ranging from 2 to 158 ng/ml. In post-heparin plasma, ANGPTL4 is increased. ANGPTL4 correlates positively with age, body fat mass, waist-hip-ratio and free faty acids but negatively with plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. No correlation with triglycerides was observed in one study. ANGPTL4 is a positive acute phase protein and its increase could contribute to the hypertriglyceridemia that characteristically occurs during the acute phase response by inhibiting LPL activity.