Proteins of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family are heat-steady, positively charged proteins which are engendered by osteoblasts, platelets and monocytes/macrophages. The PDGF family consists of four structurally related single polypeptide units that constitute five functional homo- or hetero-dimers: PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, PDGF-AB, PDGF-CC, and PDGF-DD.
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ENPP-1, as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/ phosphodiesterase family member 1, is a membrane-bound glycoprotein, expressed on the outer surfaces of mineralizing cells, such as osteoblasts and chondrocytes. This protein regulates bone mineralization by hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotide triphosphates to produce pyrophosphate (PPi), which inhibits hydroxyapatite crystal deposition.
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